K+12 Curriculum Free Essays

A Brief Overview of Progressive Education During the vast majority of the twentieth century, the term â€Å"progressive education† has been utilized to depict thoughts and practices that plan to make schools increasingly viable organizations of an equitable society. In spite of the fact that there are various contrasts of style and accentuation among dynamic instructors, they share the conviction that vote based system implies dynamic support by all residents in social, political and monetary choices that will influence their lives. The instruction of connected residents, as per this point of view, includes two basic components: (1). We will compose a custom paper test on K+12 Curriculum or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now Regard for assorted variety, implying that every individual ought to be perceived for their own capacities, interests, thoughts, needs, and social character, and (2). the advancement of basic, socially connected with insight, which empowers people to comprehend and take an interest adequately in the undertakings of their locale in a community exertion to accomplish a typical decent. These components of dynamic training have been named â€Å"child-centered† and â€Å"social reconstructionist† approaches, and keeping in mind that in extraordinary structures they have at times been isolated, in the idea of John Dewey and other significant scholars they are viewed as being essentially identified with one another. These dynamic standards have never been the prevalent way of thinking in American instruction. From their beginning during the 1830s, state frameworks of normal or open tutoring have basically endeavored to accomplish social consistency, not decent variety, and to teach loyal, not basic residents. Moreover, tutoring has been feeling the squeeze to help the ever-extending modern economy by setting up a serious meritocracy and getting ready specialists for their professional jobs. The term â€Å"progressive† emerged from a period (about 1890-1920) during which numerous Americans investigated the political and social impacts of tremendous centralizations of corporate influence and private riches. Dewey, specifically, saw that with the decrease of nearby network life and little scope endeavor, youngsters were losing significant chances to become familiar with human expressions of vote based support, and he presumed that training would need to compensate for this misfortune. In his Laboratory School at the University of Chicago, where he worked somewhere in the range of 1896 and 1904, Dewey tried thoughts he imparted to driving school reformers, for example, Francis W. Parker and Ella Flagg Young. Somewhere in the range of 1899 and 1916 he flowed his thoughts in works, for example, The School and Society, The Child and the Curriculum, Schools of Tomorrow, and Democracy and Education, and through various talks and articles. During these years other exploratory schools were set up around the nation, and in 1919 the Progressive Education Association was established, targeting â€Å"reforming the whole educational system of America. â€Å" Driven by Dewey, dynamic teachers contradicted a developing national development that looked to isolate scholastic instruction for the couple of and thin professional preparing for the general population. During the 1920s, when training went progressively to â€Å"scientific† procedures, for example, insight testing and money saving advantage the board, dynamic instructors demanded the significance of the enthusiastic, aesthetic, and inventive parts of human developmentâ€â€Å"the generally living and fundamental pieces of our natures,† as Margaret Naumburg put it in The Child and the World. After the Depression started, a gathering of politically situated dynamic instructors, drove by George Counts, challenged schools to â€Å"build another social order† and distributed a provocative diary considered The Social Frontier to propel their â€Å"reconstructionist† investigate of free enterprise private enterprise. At Teachers College, Columbia University, William H. Kilpatrick and different understudies of Dewey showed the standards of dynamic instruction to a huge number of instructors and school pioneers, and in the center piece of the century, books, for example, Dewey’s Experience and Education (1938) Boyd Bode’s Progressive Education at the Crossroads (1938), Caroline Pratt’s I Learn from Children (1948), and Carlton Washburne’s What is Progressive Education? 1952) among others, kept on giving a dynamic investigate of customary suspicions about educating, learning and tutoring. A significant exploration attempt, the â€Å"eight-year study,† showed that understudies from dynamic secondary schools were proficient, versatile students and exceeded expectations even in the best colleges. By the by, during the 1950s, during a period of cold war nervousness and social conservatism, dynamic training was generally revoked, and it crumbled as a recognizable development. Nonetheless, in the years since, different gatherings of instructors have rediscovered the thoughts of Dewey and his partners, and modified them to address the changing needs of schools, kids, and society in the late twentieth century. Open study halls, schools without dividers, agreeable learning, multiage approaches, entire language, the social educational plan, experiential training, and various types of elective schools all have significant philosophical roots in dynamic instruction. John Goodlad’s thought of â€Å"nongraded† schools (presented in the late 1950s), Theodore Sizer’s system of â€Å"essential† schools, Elliott Wigginton’s Foxfire venture, and Deborah Meier’s understudy focused Central Park East schools are some notable instances of dynamic changes in state funded instruction; during the 1960s, pundits like Paul Goodman and George Dennison took Dewey’s thoughts a progressively extreme way, helping offer ascent to the free school development. As of late, lobbyist teachers in downtowns have upheld more noteworthy value, equity, assorted variety and other popularity based qualities through the distribution Rethinking Schools and the National Coalition of Education Activists. Today, researchers, teachers and activists are rediscovering Dewey’s work and investigating its significance to a â€Å"postmodern† age, a time of worldwide free enterprise and amazing social change, and an age where the biological wellbeing of the planet itself is genuinely undermined. We are finding that in spite of the fact that Dewey composed a century prior, his bits of knowledge into just culture and significant instruction propose cheerful options in contrast to the system of normalization and motorization that like never before rule our schools. The most effective method to refer to K+12 Curriculum, Papers

Cold War Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cold War - Coursework Example The term the â€Å"Cold War† was first utilized by George Orwell in quite a while article that was distributed in 1945 alluding to what he anticipated would be an atomic impasse between the world’s two gigantic super powers (Walker, 1995). Since the USSR and the USA battled as partners during the Second World War, it was normal that their relationship would in this manner be cordial and firm. Be that as it may, this never occurred and rather they ended up being adversaries and opponents (Sheehan, 2003). This paper will talk about the Cold War and its different perspectives including the idea of the war; reasons for the war; the impacts of the war; the finish of the war; and the fallout of the Cold War. The Nature of the Cold War After the Second World War, the USSR and the US developed as the world’s two superpowers with significant ideological, political and monetary contrasts. These two superpowers were exceptionally doubtful of one another; they needed shared comprehension of outsider culture and each tried to improve their financial and military abilities (Gaddis, 2007). Them two made probably the most fascinating monetary and political strategies, and created weapons of ruinous capacity. All in all, what precisely was the idea of the Cold War? This inquiry can be replied by comprehension the ideological, financial and political arrangements that every one of them maintained and endeavored to spread to different pieces of the world. Every one of these strategies were generally planned for improving these two superpowers’ individual political and monetary ability inside the universal framework. They each needed to control an enormous number of partners on their sides and to profit by assets from the partners that they would have charmed to their side (LaFeber and LaFeber, 2008). On one side, the US upheld for majority rule states described with occasional free races, maintaining of rule of law, regard of human rights, opportunity of articulation and development, and constitutionalism among others. Then again, the USSR was pushing for totalitarian states described with fixed or no races and restricted opportunities and rights among residents (Walker, 1995) The USSR favored states that have solid focal government and whose residents have constrained opportunities and rights. Additionally, the US on one hand pushed for free enterprise as the favored monetary framework around the globe, while the USSR upheld for socialism as her favored financial framework. Private enterprise is a financial framework that is established on the idea of independence and free market (LaFeber and LaFeber, 2008). Then again, socialism is established on the idea of cooperation and state control of the business sectors. In seeking after their disparate advantages, the US and the USSR independently obtained partners principally in Asia, Africa and Eastern Europe. The contention between these two superpowers turned out to be progressivel y obvious through military alliances with their separate partners, surveillance, atomic and ordinary weapons contest, key regular military organizations, gigantic purposeful publicity crusades, just as through innovative rivalries (Gaddis, 2007). Reasons for the Cold War Historians are of the view that there were various components that caused the Cold War. The primary fundamental driver was that the Soviet Union needed to proliferate and spread its socialism philosophy worldwide and this frightened the Western world and particularly the Americans

5 of the Most Anticipated Books By Asian Authors in 2020

5 of the Most Anticipated Books By Asian Authors in 2020 One of the breakout stories of 2019 happened when Adele Lim, an Asian woman writing the Crazy Rich Asians’s movie sequel, left the project because of huge pay disparity. She was reportedly being paid almost ten times less than her white co-writer. In an interview with The Hollywood Reporter, Lim, through a reported speech, said that “women and people of color often are regarded as ‘soy sauce’â€"hired to sprinkle culturally specific details on a screenplay, rather than credited with the substantive work of crafting the story.” On top of all this, the directors response left much to be desired. But no matter how saddening the outcome is, it calls for a stronger solidarity for Asian and other writers of color. Here are five books for you to consider reading this year to support them: Djinn Patrol on the Purple Line by Deepa Anappara (February 4th, 2020) This mix of literary fiction and mystery might be what you’re looking for if you want to be immersed in Indian culture. Djinn Patrol on the Purple Line follows 9-year-old Jai as he investigates several disappearances in his neighborhood. What starts as an innocent probing turns into a serious case. The book effortlessly combines local folklore, like the Djinns, and significant themes such as social class and poverty in India. Amnesty by Aravind Adiga (February 18th, 2020) From the author of the Booker prize winner The White Tiger comes a relevant and timely tale. Danny, an illegal immigrant in Australiaâ€"after being denied a refugee statusâ€"just witnessed a horrendous crime. The dilemma is whether to report it to the authorities and risk being sent back to Sri Lanka, or let the justice do its own job. In the age of forced migration and displacement, this one hits home the most. Riverrun by Danton Remoto (April 4th, 2020) Previously published by a local Philippine publisher, Penguin Random House Southeast Asia is re-releasing an extended and international edition of this poignant tale from one of the pioneers of gay writing in the Philippines. Riverrun is a coming-of-age story that follows a young gay boy growing up under the government’s tyranny in 1960s Philippines. The book is genre-bending. At times, it feels like a novel, but it can feel a lot like memoir, too. The Groom Will Keep His Name by Matt Ortile (June 2nd, 2020) This is another queer Filipino writing on the list. The Groom Will Keep His Name is a collection of essaysâ€"slash-memoir from a gay Filipino immigrant in the United States. It explores what every gay immigrant faces when moving to the West: the search for identity and sexual exploration. This debut also documents Ortile’s social awakening when it comes to issues on race and ethnicity. Antiemetic for Homesickness by Romalyn Ante (July 23rd, 2020) We dont get enough poetry collections by poets who are a women of color and Asian. And I don’t see a lot of women Asian poets making it this big, so this one definitely makes this list. Antiemetic for Homesickness is a perfect read for every immigrant who straddles two worlds. Ante, who was brought by her mother to the United Kingdom as a child, explores identity, culture, and language in this debut collection. Like other Filipino works, like the hit comic series Trese (soon to be a Netflix anime series), this collection also incorporates Philippine mythology and folklore. These are only five of the most-anticipated reads from Asian writers this year. Want more books from Asian writers? Here’s a recommended reading: Backpacking Around Southeast Asia With 11 Books From 11 Countries Also, make sure to check out my contributor page for more Asian content.

Different Sources Of Finance And Different Legal Systems

Question 1 (a): Outline in your own words the key, PRE-IFRS, developmental factors that can differ across countries (e.g. different sources of finance and different legal systems). In your answer, summarise the differences and any similarities between the development factors of China and Australia. It seems that the key issue facing global financial markets and international investors is worldwide accounting diversity as considerable differences exist across countries which inevitably leads to chaos in global capital markets as different amounts are being reported on balance sheets and income statements (Doupnik Perera, 2012, p. 23). This type of environment can create extensive opportunities for corruption and poor performance and it is†¦show more content†¦Source of funding is regarding who owns the shares in the most powerful listed companies within each nation. The major sources of financing for business are either family members, banks, governments, or shareholders (Doupnik Perera, 2012, p. 29). For example, due to being a communist state with very little opportunity for private ownership, China’s major company financing is dominated by the Chinese government as well as their government controlled banks (Fernando, 2010). This can be seen in one of Chinaâ €™s largest companies, Petro China, as its controlling shareholder, the China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), is wholly state-owned (PetroChina, 2015). Sources of finance from governments and their government controlled banks means that there is less pressure for public accountability and information disclosure (Doupnik Perera, 2012, p. 29). In contrast, Australia runs a free market economy where private business enterprises seem to dominate. This can be seen in one of Australia’s largest companies, BHP, who are privately owned by millions of dispersed shareholders such as private investors, superannuation funds and corporations (Stockzoa, 2016). This is important to note as more information is available and demand for disclosure occurs the more privately owned companies are dependent on funding from the general population (Doupnik Perera, 2012, p. 30). The two major types of legal systems

Sample Essay “Is Creativity a Bad Phenomenon”

Creativity is regarded as a well-desired and important feature of a student, employee, and of any successful person. It stands for the ability to seek and find non-regular solutions to different problems. Creativity allows people better adjust to the ever-changing environment and, on a global scale, initiate progress. However, despite the positive findings associated with this trait, there can be also negative effects of creativity in regard to one’s social and individual performance. The main shortcoming of creativity is that it is often associated with psychological problems. For a start, there is a correlation between creativity and emotional imbalance. It has been long observed that artistic people are usually characterized by mood swings or distress. Almost every genius or a talented person had affective disorders, from Van Gogh to Bill Murray. There has always been a higher risk of suicide among famous artists (e.g. Jim Morrison and Marilyn Monroe, to name a few). So, while it is creativity that makes people’s stars shine brighter, it is often associated with their fading out. There is also a quite popular psychoanalytic interpretation of creativity as sublimation, which is a defense mechanism. According to it, creativity can be reduced to a mental tool used by people to compensate for the inner lack of something such as confidence, love and affection, or the feeling of their own importance. This, however, does not contradict the fact that creativity has an intrinsic value. It simply suggests that creativity is associated with insecurity, which makes emotional instability more understandable. Despite the fact that creativity helps with adjustment to new situations, creative people might experience problems with social adaptation or â€Å"fitting in†, especially when their social environments are conservative. In such settings, spontaneity can be perceived as eccentricity and even behavioral anomaly by others. While creative people have all the potential to become leaders of thought, those who lack energy for this can become outcasts. Similarly, not every workplace requires creative employees. In certain workplace environments, where routine activity, risk-free rational decisions, and standard solutions are practiced, creativity can be an obstacle rather than a desired feature. Another vice of creativity is that it is accompanied with the distortion of reality. Imagination or associative thinking makes creative people see the world in a slightly different way than those whose creativity is less intense. Some creative people do not distinguish well between that which is desired and that which is present, truth and lies, fantasy and reality. Creativity can also interfere with the ability to focus on something important. Rather than prioritizing and concentrating on the most important element one at a time, creative people often lack the ability to suppress thoughts and impulses, which sometimes seem chaotic and uncontrollable. While the global trends praise creativity and value it highly along with leadership, entrepreneurship, and other progressive traits, it has its shortcomings too. Not only it is often associated with mood imbalance and emotional instability, it can also lead to maladjustment in more conservative social environments, and counter productiveness. Thus, before promoting creativity trainings, the main cons and pros of the trait should be weighed in respect to each particular situation. References Akinola M, Mendes WB. â€Å"The Dark Side of Creativity: Biological Vulnerability and Negative Emotions Lead to Greater Artistic Creativity.† Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2008. Carson SH, Peterson JB, Higgins DM. â€Å"Decreased Latent Inhibition Is Associated With Increased Creative Achievement in High-Functioning Individuals.† Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2003. Cropley DH, Cropley AJ, Kaufman JC. The Dark Side of Creativity. Cambridge University Press, 2010. Furnham A, Hughes DJ, Marshall E. â€Å"Creativity, OCD, Narcissism and the Big Five.† Thinking Skills and Creativity, 2013. Gino F, Ariely D. â€Å"The dark side of creativity: Original thinkers can be more dishonest.† Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2012. Goncalo JA, Flynn FJ, Kim SH. â€Å"Are Two Narcissists Better Than One? The Link Between Narcissism, Perceived Creativity, and Creative Performance.† Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2010. Schuldberg D. â€Å"Six Subclinical Spectrum Traits in Normal Creativity.† Creativity Research Journal, 2001.

Financial Ratios and Hershey Free Essays

A. TWO KEY LESSONS LEARNT FROM THIS CASE Hershey Company is famous known for being the biggest manufacturer of chocolates and confectionery products in North America and grocery products in over 60 countries worldwide. In 2009, Hershey sales up to 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Financial Ratios and Hershey or any similar topic only for you Order Now 23 percent. Advertising expenses increased by 46 percent as the company continued to promote iconic brands such as the Hershey Kiss and Reese’s products. Due to lower commodity prices, the company plans to discontinue their Cacao Reserve brand as well as their Starbucks chocolate partnership. The company also plans to close their online gift business. The company expanded its global presence via joint ventures in china and India. From this case, we found two key lessons as following: (a) The first lesson is about the important of expanding to global market (b) The second lesson is about the importance for the firm to keep developing customer preferences. It is important for company to focus on how to formulate global product strategy to penetrate growing international markets. Therefore, Hershey should come up with new strategies in finance, marketing and production department to complete globally and to increase the customer satisfaction and market share. B. Vision Statement Since we could not find a vision statement of Hershey company then we suggest a vision as below: â€Å"Achieving consumers needs which making chocolate more healthy, delicious and delightful for life† From our opinion, this vision is clear in term of to help the company to see where the company is going on in the future which the company more concern about customer need and offer the product of natural and organic chocolate for health. According to researchers led by Natalie Rose, MD, of the University of California at San Diego. The result suggests several possible relationships between eating chocolate and wellness, it helps to increase the level of specific neurotransmitters in our brain that in turn promotes feeling of happiness and help to raise the good hormone that act as an ati-depressant. Therefore, It captures the importance not only for healthy but also the happiness of eating chocolate. C. Mission Statement The current mission of the Hershey company is â€Å"Bringing sweet moments of Hershey happiness to the world everyday† To our stakeholders, this means: Consumer: Delivering quality consumer driven confectionery experiences for all occasions. * Employees: Winning with an aligned and empowered organization while having fun. * Business Partner: Building collaborative relationships for profitable growth with our customers, suppliers, and partners. * Shareholder: Creating sustainable value. * Communities: Honoring our heritage through continued commitment to making a positive difference. The current mission consists of the following characteristics: 1. Customer 2. Concern for survival, profitability, growth 3. Philosophy 4. Self-concept 5. Concern for public image 6. Concern for employees Mission statement is often the most visible and public part of the strategic management process. The current mission is sufficient to remind the company on their attitude and outlook. However, it is important to include the nine characteristic, as mission statement would be more effective. From our analysis, the current mission lacks of another three characteristics, which are products, market, and technology. These four characteristics are important for the company in the long-term development. Thus, we think that the current mission can be improved as follows: Bringing sweet moments of chocolate Hershey happiness to the world every day† To stakeholders, this means: Consumer: Delivering quality consumer with the lastest technology to drive experiences for all occasions. Employee: Winning with an aligned and empowered organization while having fun. Business Partners: Building collaborative relationships for profitable growth wit h our customers, suppliers, and partners in the international market. Shareholders: Creating sustainable value. Communities: Honoring our heritage through continued commitment to making a positive difference. D. External Audit Opportunities 1. Organic foods products are one of the fastest growing sectors in the United States with a projected value of $26. 3 billion by 2011. 2. Seasonal sales such as Halloween and Valentine’s Day account for 10 percent of the annual sales in the industry. 3. Nestle’s image, however, has suffered within the global community due to allegations about sourcing of cocoa from farms that employed children in Africa, as well as its marketing tactics used to promote its infant milk substitutes in developing nations. 4. Consumers are increasingly aware of the nutritional value of various product ingredients with purchase decisions reflecting a preference for organic and nonadulterated products. 5. Confectionery products include chocolate, gum, cereal bars, and sugar confectionery products with a projected global market value of $107. 4 billion by 2010. 6. Chocolate currently accounts for 55. 8 percent of the market’s overall global value. Threats 1. Mergers and acquisitions in the past few years have influenced both the market share and product portfolio of global firms in the confectionery industry. 2. Nestle, one of the global leaders in the industry, expanded its nutritional product with the acquisition of Jenny Craig, a company with an established brand of nutritional weight-management products. 3. Nestle recently entered the organic products segment with projected sales of $24 billion by 2010. 4. Due to increased consumer concerns about artificial ingredients, the company [Cadbury] also manufactures a line of products with no artificial colors or artificial flavorings under the Natural Confectionery Company. 5. Cadbury has a 71 percent market share in India, and enjoys a 53 percent market share in the chocolate category in Australia. . Due to increased consumer preference for low fat and organic products, Mars Nutrition and Health Well Being has also developed a line of low-fat products and healthy snacks. 7. Some research analysts expect that international wholesale sugar prices may reach 40 cents a pound. 8. Cocoa future contract prices in 2008 ranged from $0. 86 to $1. 50 pe r pound, which represented a significant increase from 2007 prices. CPM – Competitive Profile Matrix * Estimates for Hershey focused on similar product lines with Nestle, Cadbury and Mars The Competitive Profile Matrix (CPM) Critical success factors| Weight| Hershey| Nestle| Cadbury| Mars| | | Rating| Score| Rating| Score| Rating| Score| Rating| Score| Global Expansion| 0. 2| 4| 0. 8| 4| 0. 8| 3| 0. 6| 3| 0. 6| Financial Position| 0. 10| 2| 0. 2| 4| 0. 4| 3| 0. 3| 2| 0. 2| Advertising ;amp;Marketing| 0. 15| 4| 0. 6| 2| 0. 3| 3| 0. 45| 3| 0. 45| Customer Loyalty| 0. 1| 2| 0. 2| 3| 0. 3| 3| 0. 3| 3| 0. 3| Market share| 0. 15| 3| 0. 45| 4| 0. 6| 4| 0. 6| 2| 0. 3| Product Quality| 0. 12| 4| 0. 36| 2| 0. 24| 3| 0. 36| 3| 0. 36| Price Competitiveness| 0. 10| 3| 0. 30| 3| 0. 30| 4| 0. 40| 3| 0. 0| Management| 0. 08| 2| 0. 16| 4| 0. 32| 2| 0. 16| 3| 0. 24| Total| 1. 0| 3. 07| 3. 26| 3. 17| 2. 75| The Competitive Profile Matrix (CPM) show that weighted score of Hershey, Nestle, Cadbury and Mars. Nestle has got total weighted scores is 3. 26 which is highest score and Hershey is the third scores, less than Nestle and Cadbury. The CPM indicates that Hershey is the strongest in terms of Product Quality and Advertisi ng ;amp;Marketing. This means if Hershey is to be competitive, it has to focus on global expansion and market share. The External Factor Evaluation (IFE) Matrix KEY INTERNAL FACTOR| WEIGHT| RATING| WEIGHTED SCORE| OPPORTUNITIES| | Organic foods products are one of the fastest growing sectors in the United States| 0. 1| 4| 0. 4| Seasonal sales account for 10 percent of the annual sales in the industry| 0. 05| 3| 0. 15| Nestle’s image has suffered from farms that employed children in Africa| 0. 04| 4| 0. 16| Consumers are increasingly aware of the nutritional value of various product| 0. 07| 3| 0. 21| Confectionery products projected global market value of $107. 4 billion by 2010| 0. 09| 4| 0. 36| Chocolate currently accounts for 55. percent of the market’s overall global value| 0. 08| 4| 0. 32| Sub-total for Opportunities| 1. 00| | 1. 60| THREAT| WEIGHT| RATING| WEIGHTED SCORE| Mergers and acquisitions have influenced both the both the market share and product portfolio of global firms| 0. 01| 3| 0. 3| Nestle expanded nutritional product| 0. 08| 2| 0. 16| Nestle entered the organic products segment| 0. 08| 2| 0. 16| Cadbury manu factures a line of products with no artificial colors or artificial flavorings| 0. 07| 3| 0. 21| Cadbury has a 71 percent market share in India, and enjoys a 53 percent market share in chocolate category in Australia| 0. 06| 2| 0. 12| Mars Nutrition and Health Well Being has developed a line of low-fat products and healthy snacks| 0. 07| 4| 0. 28| International wholesale sugar prices may reach 40 cents a pound| 0. 06| 4| 0. 24| Cocoa future contract prices in 2008 ranged from $0. 86 to $1. 50 per pound| 0. 05| 4| 0. 20| Sub-total for Threats| 1. 00| | 1. 67| Total| 1. 00| | 3. 27| The EFE matrix reveals that score for Opportunities versus score for Threats. Hershey’s total weighted scores is more than average which is at 3. 27. This indicates that Hershey is responding strongly above average to the existing opportunities and threats. In other words, the company’s current strategies are able to gain advantage of the existing opportunities and minimize the potential effects of external threats. E. Internal Audit Strengths 1. The Hershey and Godrej venture will distribute Hershey products via Godrej’s distribution network to over 1. 6 million outlets in India. 2. Advertising expenses for the quarter increased by 46 percent as the company continued to promote iconic brands such as the Hershey Kiss and Reese’s products. 3. The company relies on special promotions to increase holiday sales, and it also uses advertising programs to supplement seasonal sales. 4. During the past several years, the company has expanded its global presence through a variety of acquisitions and joint ventures with established firms in the international market. 5. Hershey also has special editions products that are themed with events, such as their Dark Knight Collection (milk chocolate peanut butter bats) created for the release of the movie Dark Knight. The company also encourages customers to personalize messages and gifts via its interactive home page. . Due to increased consumer preferences for healthy and organic products, the company portfolio of healthy snacks has expanded to include Payday Pro energy bars and sugar-free products such as Twizzlers. 7. Hershey, as well as other competitors in the industry, is acquiring nonchocolate products as well as nutritional products to complement its existing products. 8. Hershey products are sold to more than 2 million retail outlets, including wholesale distributors, chain grocery stores, convenience stores, and wholesale clubs as well as natural food stores. 9. Direct research on consumer preferences as well as process innovations are supported via the Hershey Center of Health and Nutrition developed in 2007. 10. Operating Profit Margin: 14%(2008) 15%(2009) Weaknesses 1. The company also plans to close their online gift business, which featured seasonal products and gifts that could be personalized by the consumer. 2. Due to global supply initiatives, the company projects a reduction of 1,500 positions over the next three-year period. 3. The company plans to discontinue their Cacao Reserve brand as well as their Starbucks chocolate partnership. 4. Hershey’s iconic brands such as Hershey Bar, Hershey Kisses, and Reese’s are instantly recognized within the domestic market. 5. The company’s long-term debt increased from $1,279,965 in20O7 to 1,505,954 in 2008. The Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) Matrix KEY INTERNAL FACTOR| WEIGHT| RATING| WEIGHTED SCORE| STRENGTHS| | The company will distribute Hershey products via Godrej’s distribution network in India| 0. 06| 3| 0. 18| Advertising expenses for promote iconic brands| 0. 09| 4| 0. 36| The company relies on special promotions| 0. 07| 3| 0. 21| The company has expanded its global presence| 0. 8| 3| 0. 24| Hershey has special editions products that are themed with events| 0. 06| 2| 0. 12| The company portfolio of healthy snacks has expanded to include Payday Pro energy bars and sugar-free products| 0. 08| 4| 0. 32| Acquiring nonchocolate and nutritional products| 0. 09| 4| 0. 36| Hershey products are sold to more than 2 million retail outlets| 0. 07| 3| 0 . 21| Direct research on consumer preferences and process innovations are supported by the Hershey Center of Health and Nutrition developed| 0. 06| 3| 0. 18| Operating Profit Margin: 14% (2008) 15% (2009)| 0. 6| 3| 0. 18| Sub-total for strengths| 1. 00| | 2. 36| WEAKNESSES| WEIGHT| RATING| WEIGHTED SCORE| The company plans to close their online gift business| 0. 06| 2| 0. 12| The company projects a reduction of 1,500 positions over the next three years| 0. 05| 2| 0. 12| The company plans to discontinue Cacao Reserve brand Starbucks chocolate partnership| 0. 06| 3| 0. 18| Hershey’s iconic brands are instantly recognized within the domestic market. | 0. 06| 3| 0. 18| The company’s long-term debt increased| 0. 05| 2| 0. 10| Sub-total for weaknesses| 1. 00| | 0. 68| Total| 1. 00| | 3. 4| Based on the IFE evaluation shows that score for Strengths versus score for Weaknesses. Total weighted scores for Hershey is 3. 04 considered as above average which is indicates that the c ompany’s internal position is strong. Financial Ratio Analysis (2008) Growth Rates % (5-Year Annual Avg. )| ABC Company| Sales | 16. 22%| Net Income (5-Year Annual Avg. )| 45. 81%| Dividends (5-Year Annual Avg. )| 41. 27%| Profit Margins| | Gross Margin| 34%| Pre-Tax Margin| 11%| Net Profit Margin| 6%| 5Yr Net Profit Margin (5-Year Avg. )| 8. 97%| Financial Condition| | Debt/Equity Ratio| 10. 42| Current Ratio| 1. 06| Quick Ratio| 0. 59| Investment Returns %| | Return On Equity| 98%| Return On Assets| 9%| Return On Equity (5-Year Avg. )| 62. 95%| Return On Assets (5-Year Avg. )| 10. 72%| Management Efficiency| | Income/Employee| 24. 33| Revenue/Employee| 400. 99| Inventory Turnover| 8. 66| Asset Turnover| 1. 41| NET WORTH ANALYSIS OF AVP (2008 IN MILLION)| | | | | | | | | | Growth ratios:| Growth rate = [(current year – base year) / base year] * 100| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Percentage| | | 2009 Growth rate in sales| | 3. 23| | | 2008| | | | | 3. 76| | | 2007| | | | | 0. 5| | | 2008 Growth rate in net income| | | 45. 41| | Stockholders’ Equity + Goodwill  | $ 872,876| Net Income * 5|   |   |   | $ 1,557,025| Share price * Net Income| 34. 74 * 311,405 = 10,818,210| Number of Shares Outstanding * Share Price| 227,035 * 34. 74 = 7,887,196| Method Average|   |   |   | 5,283,826. 70| FINANCIAL ANALYSIS The financial analysis for Hershey will be pro vided giving by liquidity ratios, leverage ratios, activity ratios, and profitability ratios as following. PROFITABILITY RATIOS From an accounting standpoint, profitability is defined as business gain in an activity. The measures used in this section detail how profitable the firm’s operations are and how well the firm generates a return on capital. The ratios for profitability analysis are return on assets, sales margin, return on equity, and the dividend payout ratio. Return on Assets: Return on assets (ROA) measures a company’s efficiency in generating profits from its available assets. This is calculated by dividing net income by total assets. An increasing ratio indicates higher efficiency. Hershey’s ROA improved from 5% in 2007 to 9% in 2008 indicating that Hershey became more efficient over the 2008 fiscal year. Return on Equity: The return on equity (ROE) is a measure of how well a company is able to return a profit using the shareholder’s investment. It is calculated by dividing net income by the shareholder’s equity. A higher number indicates a better return from shareholder’s investments. Hershey’s return on equity improved from 36% in 2007 to 98% in 2008, indicating a higher efficiency and better return from shareholder’s investment. Improvements were noted between 2007 and 2008 for Hershey’s ROA, ROE, Gross Profit Margin, Operating Profit Margin, Net Profit Margin and Earning Per Share were increased proportionally. LIQUIDITY RATIOS A company’s liquidity can be described by how easily a company can pay off short-term debts, in specific those due in the fiscal year. Current Ratio: The current ratio gives a strong measure of a company’s liquidity. It compares the cash and cash equivalents plus any current assets that will be turned into cash within a year to current liabilities that must be paid within the year. This ratio indicates how well a company can pay its current debts. It is calculated by dividing current assets by current liabilities. Hershey’s current ratio improved from 0. 8 in 2007 to 1. 06 in 2008. Although this is an improvement, a ratio of 1 or better is desired in order to show the ability to pay of all current debts with current assets. Quick Ratio: The quick ratio is similar to the current ratio. Instead of using all current assets, the quick ratio only uses cash, market securities, and accounts receivables to compare against current liabilities. This is don e to further narrow the assets to those that can more quickly be turn into cash. Hershey’s quick ratio improved from 0. 51 to 0. 59. Although an improvement can be seen, a more desirable ratio would be closer to 1 so that debts could be paid with current cash and cash equivalents. All measures of liquidity showed improvements for Hershey between 2007 and 2008. This is largely due to Hershey’s ability to generate a greater amount of operational cash flows between the two years. The improvement in current ratio and quick ratio shows an improved ability to pay off short term debts with current assets, which is also indicative that future payments of the long term debt will be possible. ACTIVITY RATIOS Activity in a firm is typically categorized as creation of product and moving product out the door for sales. Activity measures focus on these actions and evaluate how a firm uses its assets to generate revenues. If a company is able to utilize its assets efficiently, fewer funds from financing are needed. The ratios analyzed in this section are inventory turnover and asset turnover. Asset Turnover: Asset turnover takes an overall focus on how the company uses all of its assets to generate revenues. A higher number is desired because it indicates that each dollar of asset is producing a greater amount of revenue. It is calculated by dividing the company’s revenue by the total amount of assets for the current year. Hershey’s asset turnover ratio improved from 1. 16 in 2007 to 1. 41 in 2008. This shows that Hershey’s was more efficient in using its assets between evaluation periods. Inventory Turnover: Inventory turnover is a measure of how often within a year that inventory is sold and replaced. It is calculated by dividing cost of goods sold by inventory. A high ratio indicates efficiency and a high rate of sales. Hershey’s inventory turnover slightly improved from 8. 24 in 2007 to 8. 6 in 2008. Improvements were seen in inventory and asset turnover ratios. Hershey’s assets decreased in value while revenues increased, resulting in a more efficient use of assets. LEVERAGE RATIOS A company’s leverage defines how a company handles its debt. Companies that have a high leverage can have difficulty paying back debts, securing new debts from creditors, and a re usually higher risk. But, these companies can also attain tax advantages and gain large returns from investing. The ratios analyzed in this section include the debt ratio, debt to equity ratio and imes interest earned ratio. Debt Ratio: The debt ratio indicates how much debt a company has relative to its assets. This ratio is calculated by dividing total liabilities by total assets. This ratio is one of the components typically used by investors to determine the risk level of a company. A lower number is favored because it shows the company has a larger percentage of assets when compared to liabilities. Hershey’s debt ratio increased and deteriorated from 0. 762 in 2005 to 0. 836 in 2006. This is due to a decrease in company assets while liabilities increased. The increase in liabilities can be noted most in the long-term liabilities. This adds risk to Hershey’s from an investment standpoint. Debt to Equity Ratio: The debt to equity ratio is a measure of what proportions of debt and equity are used in its financing. It is also a measure of a company’s financial leverage. The ratio is calculated by dividing total liabilities by stockholder’s equity. A lower number is favored because it indicates a higher amount of shareholder’s equity when compared to liabilities. Hershey’s debt to equity ratio increased and deteriorated from 6. 16 in 2007 to 10. 2 in 2008. This is largely a result in Hershey’s large decrease in shareholder’s equity. Times Interest Earned Ratio: The times interest earned ratio gives shows how well a company is able to pay its interest expenses with earnings before taxes. The number represents how many times over the interest expense can be paid with the earnings before intere st. A higher number is favored. The ratio is calculated by dividing earning before interest and taxes (EBIT) by net interest expense. The times interest earned ratio for Hershey’s increase from 3. 87 in 2007 to 6. 03 in 2008. Hershey achieved many improvements in their financial ratios. Between 2005 and 2006, Hershey showed improvements in many areas. Their overall profitability improved. Liquidity also improved in all areas. This can be attributed to their ability to generate a greater amount of operational cash flows. Because of their increased liquidity, Hershey shows that they are in a better position to pay off their debts and is able to distribute their earnings to stockholders more readily. G. SPACE Matrix 2. 44, -1. 06 2. 44, -1. 06 6 5 4 3 2 1 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 Competitive IS ES CA FS Conservative Aggressive Defensive X 6 5 4 3 2 1 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 Competitive IS ES CA FS Conservative Aggressive Defensive X Financial Position (FP) Return on Investment ROE, ROA+4 Leverage+2 Earning Per Share+5 Inventory+3 Liquidity+4 Subtotal (FP) +18 Industry Position (IP) Growth potential+6 Extent leverage+5 Profit potent+5 Productivity+4 Subtotal (IP) +20 Competitive Position (CP) Market share -5 Product quality -1 Control over suppliers and distributers-2 Subtotal (CP) -8 Stability Position (SP) Barriers to entry into market-4 Demand variability-6 Competitive pressure-6 Subtotal (SP) -14 x-axis = -2. 66 + 5= 2. 44 y-axis = -4. 66+ 3. 6= -1. 06 Based on this formula, it shows that The Hershey company x-axis is 2. 44 and y-axis is -1. 06. Therefore firm’s directional vector is located in the lower-right or competitive quadrant of the SPACE Matrix. In other word, The company has competitive advantages in a growing industry, The Hershey should pursue competitive strategies which include; backward, forward and horizontal integration; market penetration; market development and product evelopment. H. Grand Strategy Matrix Quadrant IV business have a strong competitive position but are in a slow-growth industry. Hershey has the strength to launch diversified into more promising growth area such as India and China. The company also has characteristically high cash-flow levels and limited internal growth need as the result of 86% market share in America. I. Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix BCG is a privat e management consulting firm base in Boston. The purpose of BCG Matrix is graphically shows the company’s position in terms of relative market share and industry growth. Hershey is in the Star quadrant because Hershey is leading in terms of market share in America and the growth rate sale is higher than zero for several years. As the result, the Star quadrant indicates that Hershey has good long-run opportunities for growth and profitability. To maintain this position Hershey need a substantial investment especially in global market and to strengthen its dominant position. Strategies that is best for Hershey includes market penetration, market development, product development, and forward, backward and horizontal integration. J. The Internal-External (IE) Matrix | | | The IFE Total Weighted Score| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Strong| Average| Weak| | | | | | 3. 0 to 4. 0| 2. 0 to 2. 99| 1. 0 to 1. 99| | | | | High| IFE = 3. 04 IFE = 3. 04 I| II| III| | | | | EFE = 3. 27 EFE = 3. 27 3. 0 to 3. 99| | | | | | | | Medium| IV| V| VI| | | The EFE Total Weighted Score| 2. 0 to 2. 99| | | | | | | | Low| VII| VIII| IX| | | | | 1. 0 to 1. 99| | | | | | Key: | Grow and build| | Hold and maintain| | Harvest or diverstiture| The Internal – External (IE) Matrix The IE matrix is based on two key dimensions such as the IFE total weighted score and the EFE total weighted score. The total weighted scores allow construction of the corporate-level IE Matrix. The result from IE Matrix states that Hershey Company is appropriate for division 1 or can be described as grow and build. The most appropriate strategies for this division can be intensive market penetration, market development, and product development or company can also consider intensive backward integration, forward integration and horizontal integration. Based on the interpretation, suggest two best alternatives that the company could pursuit, then perform QSPM matrix. K. QSPM Strategic Alternatives| Key Internal Factors Weight| Alternative 1: Global Expansion| Alternative 2: Develop Organic Products| Strengths| AS | TAS| AS| TAS| 1. Distribute Hershey products via Godrej’s distribution network in India| 0. 06| 4| 0. 24| 2| 0. 18| 2. Advertising expenses for promote iconic brands. | 0. 09| 4| 0. 36| 3| 0. 27| 3. Relies on special promotions| 0. 07| 3| 0. 21| 2| 0. 14| 4. The company has expanded its global presence. | 0. 08| 4| 0. 32| 2| 0. 12| 5. Hershey has special editions product that are themed with events. | 0. 06| -| -| -| -| 6. The company portfolio of healthy snacks has expanded| 0. 08| 2| 0. 16| 4| 0. 32| 7. Acquiring non-chocolate and nutritional products| 0. 09| 2| 0. 18| 4| 0. 36| 8. Products are sold to more than 2 million retail outlets. | 0. 07| -| -| -| -| 9. Hershey Centre of Health supported research on consumer preferences and process innovations. | 0. 06| 2| 0. 12| 3| 0. 18| 10. Operating profit Margin: 14% (2008) 15% (2009)| 0. 6| -| -| -| -| Weaknesses| 1. Plans to close online gift business. | 0. 06| 3| 0. 18| 1| 0. 06| 2. The company projects a reduction of 1,500 positions. | 0. 05| 2| 0. 10| 1| 0. 05| 3. Plans to discontinue Cocao Reserve brand Starbucks chocolate partnership. | 0. 06| 3| 0. 18| 1| 0. 06| 4. Hershey’s iconic brands are instantly recognized within the domestic market| 0. 06| -| -| -| -| 5. The companyà ¢â‚¬â„¢s long-term debt increased| 0. 05| -| -| -| -| SUBTOTAL| 1. 00| | 2. 05| | 1. 74| | Global Expansion| Develop Organic Products| Opportunities| AS| TAS| AS| TAS| 1. Organic foods products are the fastest growing sectors. | 0. 10| 1| 0. 10| 4| 0. 40| 2. Seasonal sales account for 10%| 0. 05| -| -| -| -| 3. Nestle’s image has suffered. | 0. 04| 3| 0. 12| 2| 0. 08| 4. Consumers are increasingly aware of the nutritional value. | 0. 07| 3| 0. 21| 4| 0. 28| 5. Confectionery products projected global market value of $107. 4 billion by 2010| 0. 09| 3 | 0. 27| 2| 0. 18| 6. Chocolate currently accounts for 55. 8% of the market’s overall global value. | 0. 08| -| -| -| -| Threats| 1. Mergers and acquisitions have influenced both the market share. 0. 01| 4| 0. 04| 2| 0. 02| 2. Nestle expanded nutritional product. | 0. 08| 3| 0. 24| 4| 0. 32| 3. Nestle entered the organic product segment. | 0. 08| 3| 0. 24| 4| 0. 32| 4. Cadbury manufactures a line of products with no artificial colors or flavorings| 0. 07| 1| 0. 07| 2| 0. 14| 5. Cadbury has a 71% market share in India, and 53% Australia. | 0. 06| 3| 0. 18| 2| 0. 12| 6. Mars Nutrition and Health Well being has developed low-fat and healthy snacks| 0. 07| 2| 0. 14| 3| 0. 21| 7. International wholesale sugar prices may reach 40 cent a pound| 0. 06| -| -| -| -| 8. Cocoa future contract prices in 2008 ranged from $ 0. 86 to $1. 50 per pound| 0. 05| -| -| -| -| SUBTOTAL| | | 1. 57| | 2. 07| SUM TOTAL ATTRACTIVENESS SCORE| | | 3. 66| | 3. 81| As the result of QSPM, we consider two alternative strategies As following:a) Global expansion b) Develop organic products The sum total attractive scores are 3. 66 and 3. 87. The analysis indicates that Hershey should develop organic products. L. Recommendations From the evaluations of the company’s conditions, performance, and the analysis provided from SWOT matrix, IFE-EFE matrix, and Grand strategy matrix. We recommend three specific strategies as following: 1) Expand to global market Hershey has recently market share 86% in America and it is well known in America as the chocolate maker since 1906. On the other hand, In the global market, Hershey is the third rang next to Nestle and Cadbery. Hershey needs to continue to focus on the global market. Hershey currently has a limited presence in many areas of the world. However, compare to the actual plan strategies of the company, they have begun to expand into new areas such as China and India. We are suggesting the new organization structure to Hershey Food Corporation. In this structure, we have suggested continental president, which will help to complete globally or to increase the market share globally because they will have the experience of the particular continents and they will work according to market conditions. The Hershey Company needs to go international advertisement to promote the product as well as they have to find out the new channels of distribution and adopt the new channels to increase the sales. For the cost of expand to global market, the company must spend more in terms of marketing that amount is indicated in the projected income statement. ) Continue chocolate partnership with coffee store, and online gift business Hershey should continue to provide new chocolate flavored coffee product in supermarkets and coffee stores. This allows Hershey to market to new segment, more consumers , and participate in new trends. Besides, Hershey should continue online gift business to get the new channel to increase the sales as well as to provide the seasonal products and the gifts that could be personalized by the consumer. 3) Develop organic product People have become much more aware of the various factors that negatively affect their health. Chocolate and other candy are viewed as an unhealthy snack. Organic food products are one of the fastest growing sectors. Therefore, Hershey needs to continue to expand the market healthy products in order to gain a greater market share. If Hershey continues to market the products they already have in categories and continues to develop new products that address the healthy to the public, then their revenues will increase throughout the years as the projected income statement as following. Projected financial statements Projected The Hershey company Statements of Income| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | In thousands of dollars except| For the year ended December 31| 2008| 2009| 2010| 2011| | | | | | | | | | Net Sales| 5,132,768| 5,298,668| 5,671,009| 6,238,110| Costs and Expenses 😠 | | | | | | | | | | | | Cost of sales| | 3,375,050| 3,245,531| 3,255,801| 3,402,798| | | | | | | | Selling, marketing and administrative| 1,073,019| 1,208,672| 1,426,477| 1,511,119| | | | | | | | | Business realignment and | | 94,801| 82,875| 83,433| 90,080| | impairment charges, net| | | | | | | | | | Total costs and expenses| 4,542,870| 4,537,078| 4,765,711| 5,003,997| | | | | | | | | | Income before Interest and Income Taxes| 589,898| 761,590| 905,298| 1,234,113| | Interest expenses, net| | 97,876| 90,459| 96,434| 111,070| | | | | | | | | | Income before Income Taxes| | 492,022| 671,131| 808,864| 1,123,043| | Provision for income taxes| | 180,617| 235,137| 299,065| 393,065| | | | | | | | | | Net Income| 311,405| 435, 994| 509,799| 729,978| Projected The Hershey Company’s Balance Sheet| | | | | | | | | | all numbers in thousands)| | Period Ending| 2008| 2009| 2010| 2011| | | | | | | | | | | Total Asset| | | 3,634,719| 3,675,031| 4,272,732| 4,913,642| Short term debt| | | 501,504| 39,313| 285,480| 157,014| Long term debt| | | 1,505,945| 1,502,730| 1,541,825| 1,418,479| Stockholders’ Equity| | | 318,199| 760,339| 937,601| 1,021,985| M. Evaluation of the recommendations based on Islamic perspective Islamic perspective As we know, Hershey produces good quality of chocolate and Chocolate is made from plants, which means it contains many of the health benefits of dark chocolate. These benefits are from flavonoids , which act as antioxidants. Moreover, the other benefit that we are able to gain from chocolate such as Lower Blood Pressure, Lower Cholesterol, endorphin production and so on. Allah orders us to consume good thing and try to avoid the meal that it will damage our bodies. As Allah said: Messengers! eat of the good things and do good; surely i know what you do Chapter: 23 , Verse: 51 eat of the lawful and good things with which allah has provided you and be thankful for the favors of allah if it is he you worship Chapter: 16 , Verse: 114 Moreover, Hershey produce halal product to consumer. The ingredients that are utilized to produce chocolate are not the ingredient that Allah forbidden as said in Quran. He has only forbidden you what dies of itself and blood and flesh of swine and that over which any other name than that of Allah has been invoked, but whoever is driven to necessity, not desiring nor exceeding the limit, then surely Allah is forgiving, merciful Chapter: 16 , Verse: 115 Hershey also has policy to maintain and concern about environment. It was one of the companies who are in World cocoa Foundation which support environmental project. This project includes non-chemical pest management practice and encourage sustainable farming practice to support ecosystem in the region. Allah does not love people who harm environment as said in Quran ? â€Å"Seek not mischief in the land, for Allah loves not those who do mischief. † (Quran 28:77) According to scientists and philosophers, man is considered as the major factor in disturbing the natural balance of the universe. Man interferes intentionally or unintentionally in the earth’s ecosystems by impairing its perfect order and precise sequence. However, it seems that man has cut off his nose to spite his face and he now is the victim. Grave dangers are anifested in pollution of the air, water, soil, outer space and others, as well as the irrational exploitation of the environment’s resources, and inconsistent distribution of human settlements. All these factors have lead to different problems, all of which are marked by a disturbance to the earth’s natural balance. If companies or industries exploit or use up natural materials and environment, all damage will revert back to them. As promised Quran. Mischief has appeared on the land and sea, because of (the need) that the hands of man have earned, that (Allah) may give them a taste of some of their deeds: in order that they may turn back (from evil). †Ã‚  (Quran 30:41) REFFERENCES About Hershey. Retrieved on 02/02/12. From: http://www. thehersheycompany. com/about-hershey. aspx â€Å"Chocolate is good for you. † Chocolate Trading Co. July 13th, 2005 November 1st, 2007. Financial Report. Retrieved on 02/02/12. From: http://www. thehersheycompany. com/ investors/financial-reports. aspx. Fred R. David, â€Å"Strategic Management: Concept and Cases, Hershey Company—2009† 13th Edn. Page 111-119. Pearson Education, 2011 Halal and Haram Foods according to Quran. Retrieved on 02/02/12. From: http://www. parsquran. com/eng/subject/halal. htm Karem S. Ghoneim (Prof. ), Quran Recitations : The Quran and the Environment . Retrieved on 02/02/12. From: http://www. whyquran. com/877/content/blogsection/0/98/9/18/ Mark Stibich, Health Benefits of  Chocolate. Retrieved on 02/02/12. From: http://longevity. about. com/od/lifelongnutrition/p/chocolate. htm Organization’s key Competitors. Retrieved on 02/02/12. From: www. foodproductiondaily-usa. com | How to cite Financial Ratios and Hershey, Papers

Life Or Death Essays - Euthanasia, Medical Ethics, Perception

Life Or Death Life or Death The beliefs and views of our country are hypocritical and unjust. As we grow from a young child to a mature adult, we are taught many things such as that killing another human being is wrong, it is against the law and goes against most people's religious beliefs. Yet, there are some instances when this rule does not seem to apply. If someone kills another in self-defense it is seen as an act of bravery, if a soldier kills an enemy in war it is seen as courageous and honorable. But who is to say that these acts are more justifiable than allowing someone who is in extreme pain and suffering to be given an opportunity to end their own lives with the help of another. As the world around us changes at an incredible rate, we must always ask ourselves if these changes are in our own best interest. The decisions that people make are always up for debate by anyone who has an opinion one way or another. The debate of euthanasia has been ongoing for many years and as of now, there is no end in sight. There are many views on the topic of euthanasia, some people believe that it should be open to anyone who feels that their life is not worth living; while others think that there is no justifiable reason for euthanasia be allowed. These opposing sides have many different reasons for believing what they do, some reasons people give for euthanasia are intriguing and very thought provoking. Some people believe that a person with an incurable disease or severe disability that causes life to be racked with pain or so burdensome that a meaningful and desirable existence has ceased, then this person should be allowed to die. This conclusion should only be allowed after all other alternatives have been thoroughly considered. Another argument that is given in favor or euthanasia is that the role of the physician is to do whatever is best for their patient. This could mean that in some extreme situations the best answer might include hastening death upon the request of the dying. The job of a physician should always be to help their patient in any way possible. It is the duty as a professional to heal, prolong life, and to reduce suffering. In some extreme cases, when every other option is hopeless, the best service that a physician can render would be to help a person hasten death in order to relieve the unnecessary suffering they must go through. Another argument supporting the use of euthanasia is that everyone would benefit if it were legal to show mercy when death becomes preferable over life. With that in mind one must look at the families and loved ones of those who wish to end their extreme suffering. No one would want to watch a loved one die in extreme agony, while sitting there not being able to do anything. This feeling of helplessness and despair would almost be unimaginable. Making anyone watch this while hoping for a quick end to his or her loved one's suffering, would be wrong in itself. Although this type of case is rare in the real world is very rare, just one case alone would be argument enough for the use of euthanasia. While the views of many people may be against the use of euthanasia, it sad to say that in all actuality it goes on almost everyday. Many people have heard of doctors who report that they have, out of compassion and mercy, given heavy doses of morphine to relieve the pain and suffering of patients who are near an inevitable death. While doing this, the doctors know perfectly well what the ending result will be, to hasten death. Somehow this is right, since the goal of this is to ease the pain and not actually to kill the patient. But would it not also be right to do the very same thing with the goal of hastening death? While these views and arguments are very interesting and thought provoking there are many more people who believe that euthanasia is wrong. There are majority of people can be separated into