Is it Better to Be Happy or Free - 773 Words

Is it better to be happy or free? 1932, Aldous Huxley wrote about an idea of what the future might look like in six hundred years. Is in it crazy how the things that are going on in his fictional book, can be related to what’s going on now in our society. Allot of things that are going on today, Aldous Huxley wrote in his book. For example the Obama care R.F.I.D microchip implant is a chip used in humans as big as a grain of rice that goes in the hand. The implantation of an R.F.I.D chip in all Citizens by a certain date and the chip allows the government to all your personal information and the rumor is that they’ll even be able to control your income. In brave new world they have a conditioning center the year is A.F (After Ford) Human beings no longer produce living offspring instead, surgically removed ovaries produce ova that are fertilized in artificial receptors and Incubanated in designed bottles (Chapter 1). Aldous Huxley Brave New World where the society i s trying to create a perfect community where everyone is happy but by taking soma, basically there being controlled there being conditioned to do and want the things there supposed to, Mustapha Mond, one of the ten World Controllers he focuses on the State’s successful efforts to remove strong emotions, desires, and human relationships from society, According to what role you’re going to play in the society whether you’re going to a delta minus or an alpha plus, they condition to belong to one of five castesShow MoreRelatedIs Happiness the Purpose of Life?1317 Words   |  5 PagesIn the play Three Sisters the character Vershinin says, â€Å"We’re not happy and we can’t be happy; we only want happiness.† So, what’s the purpose of life? Is it to be happy? Everyone has that desire, to have happiness. We even base our decision we by how it will affect our happiness. In our life we experience happiness and unhappiness, but we are oblivi ous as to what happiness is. What comes to mind when thinking of happiness? Is it pleasure, the thought of the good life, prosperity, or is it somethingRead MoreSummary Of Brave New World 880 Words   |  4 Pagesof Truth and Happiness in the Brave New World Imagine living in a world where everyone is happy. One is free to have sexual intercourse with a partner of his or her choosing without any repercussion. However, there is a catch; one is required to be happy all the time. In the novel Brave New World, their society is controlled and everyone is forced to be happy. There are three characters that are not happy. Bernard who feels that he is an outsider and miss treated, John who is also known as the savageRead MoreHappiness and Epicurus Essay examples1438 Words   |  6 PagesEpicurus taught the ethics of his philosophy in his school, that a person should live by the art of making life happy, and that prudence is the noblest part of philosophy(newadvent.org). Epicurus ideals for life intrigued people and they began to think that perhaps the ethics of Epicureanism had some truth behind it; a person should live his/her life to the fullest in order to become happy. Epicurus also made judgments on theology, logic and psychology. Througho ut the life of Epicurus and his teachingsRead MoreAnalysis Of Why The Caged Bird Sings871 Words   |  4 Pagespoem, â€Å"I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings† by Maya Angelou, one bird is free to fly happily and carefree while another is caged and can do nothing but sing for freedom. Written during a time period of social unrest, Maya Angelou uses literary techniques in this poem to effectively emphasize the impacts of racism in America. One literary technique used throughout the poem is tone. In stanza one, the tone is peaceful and happy as Angelou describes â€Å"the orange sunrays†, while the bird â€Å"leaps†,†dips†Read MoreAnalysis Of The Book Of Margins And The Woods 1194 Words   |  5 PagesEveryday) According to Frazier â€Å"In Praise of Margins†, â€Å"marginal† places and activities are valuable because they help people use their imagination, allowing them to free themselves. Margins could be anything from playing basketball, hanging out with friends, spending time alone, reading books, travelling, to anything that makes a person happy. Frazier gives a flashback to the place where he spent his childhood time and participated in foolish activity on â€Å"The woods† just for sake of doing them. He usedRead MoreLiving A True, Good And Happy Life897 Words   |  4 PagesTo live a true, good and happy life, I personally believe that one would just need the natural things that would sustain them; natural things that would give someone a healthy, life that is certainly worth living. Now, there are some people who would argue that pursuing a life based on the standards of â€Å"wanting what the universe wants†. I can argue plentily that as humans, we hav e individual, diverse needs. The universe will not accommodate to all those nitpicky needs of ours. This, is preciselyRead MoreJohn Milton s Paradise Lost1047 Words   |  5 Pagesto see that God doesn’t control people’s actions, and that instead we all have free will even though He does have the power to manipulate it. By including Satan’s side to the story as well as his fall, Milton is able to inform readers about the reason for the happy fall as well as include themes of pride, deceit, and communication. The idea of the happy fall successfully justifies the idea that people have obtained free will from Adam and Eve’s disobedience to God, and that God did plan the fall,Read MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin1268 Words   |  6 Pagesupon how it would be if her husband was to actually pass away, how everything would be so much better and how much happier she would be without him. â€Å"The storm† is a little different but not so much. The storm explains how theirs a sense of freedom that all of the character crave. Both of these stories have to do with change and freedom. In order to be happy you have to go through change and also be free from certain things and people. This is Kate Chopin’s view of finding happiness in an unsatisfiedRead MoreBrave New World by Aldous Huxley760 Words   |  3 Pagesfew curious members of this society. He believes that there is much more to life than to be just another chess piece in a game where someone â€Å"higher above† controls. ‘â€Å"Don’t you want to be free and men?† Rage was making him [John] fluent; the words came easily, in a rush†¦ â€Å"I’ll teach you; I’ll make you be free whether you like it or not.† And pushing open a window that looked on the inner court of the Hospital, he began to throw the little pill-boxes of soma tablets in handfuls out into the areaRead MoreThe Ethical Theory Of Utilitarianism1543 Wor ds   |  7 Pagesreally matters except the happiness of creatures that can be happy. This is the distinction between acts that attempt to maximize the good (utility) and acts that seek to minimize harm. Rachels describes utilitarian theory as being based on social reform in human behavior of which offers an alternative to natural laws. Utilitarians emphasize the deep connection between doing the right thing and causing happiness to make creatures happy. Some believe to do the right thing, because it’s the right thing

Critical Analysis of the Liver functions and medical science Free Essays

Introduction The liver, with over 500 functions, is one the most significant and versatile organ of the human body. It weighs around 1.5kg and it is divided into four lobes; left, right, quadrate and caudate. We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Analysis of the Liver functions and medical science or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is wrapped in a fibrous capsule which is covered by the visceral peritoneum. 30% of the bloody supply of the heart reaches the liver at a region called the Hilus every minute, of which two thirds is through the portal vein and a third through the hepatic artery, it then leaves the liver through the hepatic vein. Blood pressure is low, usually at 10mm Hg or less. The cells of the liver are known as Hepatocytes. Hepatocytes serve many roles in the functions of the liver of which include: Metabolic regulation; it plays a key role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins, Haematological regulation; it is the primary organ that regulates the composition of blood, and Bile synthesis. [2] During carbohydrate metabolism, most of the glucose that is derived from the breakdown of carbohydrates is stored as glycogen in the liver cells (Glycogenesis) until it is needed, which is when the liver will convert the glycogen back into glucose to be used for respiration (Glycogenolysis). Examples of such situations are when there is a short supply of glucose in the body during the times between meals or when fasting. When the body is starved from carbohydrates, the liver can produce glucose by a process called Gluconeogenesis by converting amino acids from dietary and body proteins, lactate or glycerol into glucose. This prevents the individual from having hypoglycaemia (low blood glucose levels), so by this it can also be said that the liver has an integral part of maintaining blood glucose levels. The liver serves a major role in fat metabolism by producing the lipoproteins that are needed to transport fat, cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood throughout the body. Protein metabolism takes place in the liver as it goes through amino acid conversion, most of the amino acids are synthesised into proteins that are needed for the body, especially albumin which is the main plasma protein. Amino acid metabolism however produces a waste product, Urea, which is transported to the kidneys via blood and excreted through urine. Haematological regulation is the way in which the liver processes the blood by regulating the amount of chemicals it holds and breaking down the nutrients within it so it is easy to use. It also detoxifies toxic substances such as drugs or alcohol that come via blood and breaks it down before being released back into the blood into amounts that can be handled by the body. In addition to its metabolic functions, it is also responsible for the production of bile. Bile is a yellow alkaline fluid that is produced by the hepatocytes made up of mainly water (85%) and bile salts (10%). Bile salts acts as a fat emulsifier so it is needed for the normal digestion and absorption of ingested fats. Bile also serves as a route in which substances such as drugs and wastes produced from metabolism that aren’t removed by the kidneys, such as bilirubin, is removed from the body through the faeces. Hepatocytes secrete bile into tubes known as Bile Canaliculi, which jointo form Bile Ductules. Bile ductules then transport bile to the nearest portal area. The right and left hepatic ducts collects the bile from the ductules at the portal areas and merge to form the Common Hepatic Duct. This leaves the liver to go to the gall bladder through the Cystic Duct which joins onto the Common Bile Duct which transports bile to the duodenum through the Duodenal Ampulla and then goes into the small intestine ready to act upon the absorption of fats. [2] These are only a few functions of the liver, all of which if do not function properly can lead to many liver diseases. Diseases can generally be classified into two types; Hepatocellular, which results in damage to the hepatocytes and Cholestatic which restricts bile flow due to blockage in ducts. Most patients suffering from a liver disease develop jaundice resulting from high levels of the bilirubin in the blood stream (hyperbilirubinemia). Jaundice makes whites of the eyes yellow and then gradually the skin start becoming yellow. Bilirubin is produced from dead red blood cells; at the end of their life span, the haemoglobin found within them is released and split into haem and globin. Iron from haem is recycled for the production of more haemoglobin and any remains of the haem molecule are converted to bilirubin. It is excreted in the faeces and some in the urine. It is elevated in most liver diseases as they cause some sort of damage to hepatocytes which means bilirubin cannot conjugate with glucuronic acid in order to be excreted, so it stays in the bloodstream where its levels continuously increase. One of the common diseases to occur in the liver is Hepatitis. It results in inflammation of the liver cells. Viral Hepatitis can be caused by Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E, yellow fever or Herpes Simplex. Patients usually start off small with flu like symptoms. Non viral hepatitis can be due to auto immune reasons, drugs, toxins found in mushrooms and alcohol. [3] ‘As alcohol consumption is very high in the western world, alcohol hepatitis is a common problem. Symptoms include enlargement of the liver, development of fluid in the abdomen (ascites), increased blood pressure in the portal vein and later development of jaundice. If alcoholic hepatitis is diagnosed it is important to stop consuming alcohol at once otherwise it could lead to more serious damage such as cirrhosis or even liver failure.’ [2] Cirrhosis is an irreversible liver disease. Patients with cirrhosis develop ascites, jaundice and the formation of fibrous tissue where liver cells should be, the liver cells are destroyed in response to toxic chemicals, a viral hepatitis, or most commonly, high alcohol consumption. These are examples of Hepatocellular liver diseases. An example of a Cholestatic liver disease would be Cholestasis. Cholestasis is a state when there is a blockage in the bile ducts so bile cannot be released. Again, jaundice develops when a patient suffers from cholestasis as bilirubin is also unable to reach the small intestine to be excreted. Other symptoms include pale faeces and dark urine. There are a number of tests available that determines liver diseases. These include bilirubin, ALP, ALT and the GGT tests. A slightly abnormal bilirubin concentration indicates it may be haemolytic anaemia (abnormal rate of red blood cell destruction). A higher concentration is due to diseases which have damaged the hepatocytes therefore bilirubin cannot conjugate or be excreted properly. These diseases are acute hepatitis and alcoholic hepatitis. A very high concentration indicates cholestasis as it means bile flow is completely blocked (most commonly by gallstones) and so bilirubin cannot be excreted. Bilirubin can be measured by taking a blood test; conjugated, unconjugated or total bilirubin. Conjugated bilirubin is bound to glucuronic acid and so is called direct bilirubin. Unconjugated bilirubin is measured by subtracting the direct bilirubin from the total bilirubin, so is called indirect bilirubin. Total Bilirubin is the term used when both are measured. GGT, ALP and ALT are all enzymes that are present in the liver cells. Hepatocyte death (necrosis) leads to large amounts of these enzymes to be released into the blood stream which if measured will serve as an indicator of liver disease. These enzymes can be measured by taking around 5 ml of venous blood. Abnormal ALT (alanine transferase) results are found in diseases that have come about as a result of necrosis. In acute hepatitis, ALT rises before jaundice develops and then usually goes back to normal within 8 weeks. A continuous raised level of ALT means that it chronic liver disease such as chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis. High GGT (gamma glutamyl transferase) levels are found in all liver and biliary tract diseases. GGT doesn’t determine an actual disease but it is used to predict who may be at risk of liver disease due to alcohol as it is the only enzyme that is produced due to alcohol, so high continuous levels would mean alcoholic hepatitis or cirrhosis. Moderately results of ALP (alkaline phosphatise) indicate acute hepatitis but extremely high results show cholestasis may have developed. However, ALP is also present in the cells of the bone, so only measuring it by itself would not be an accurate indication of liver disease. It is usually measured alongside GGT; if both levels are high then it confirms that the problem is definitely within the liver. These are a few diseases and tests that are commonly used today to identify one of the biggest causes of death in the UK today. References: [1] Martini, F., H., 2004, Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology, 6th edition, San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings, ISBN: 0-13-120346-0. [2] Higgins, C., 2000, Understanding Laboratory Investigations, Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd, ISBN: 0-632-04245-1 [3] Mayo Clinic Staff, 2010, Alcoholic Hepatitis, Mayo Clinic, DS00785 How to cite Critical Analysis of the Liver functions and medical science, Essay examples

Hungry Ghost Month free essay sample

Nearly every culture across the globe celebrates a holiday that honors the deceased. The Mexican Dia de los Muertos, the Japanese Obon, and the Catholic All Saint’s Day are some of the better-known celebrations. One holiday that consistently passes under the radar is the Hungry Ghost Festival, a traditional festival commemorated by ethnically Chinese communities around the world such as China, Singapore, Malaysia, and Taiwan. According to Chinese tradition, the seventh month of the lunar calendar is recognized as the Ghost Month. The Hungry Ghost Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the Ghost Month and is known as Ghost Day, a day in which the gates of Hell are opened. Ghosts and spirits, including deceased ancestors, begin to emerge out of the lower realm and roam into the realm of the living. These spirits are continually in a state of unrest from their sufferings in the underworld. In order to alleviate their torments, both Buddhists and Taoists perform rituals to exonerate the suffering of the deceased through the Hungry Ghost Festival. We will write a custom essay sample on Hungry Ghost Month or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Activities during the festival may include food offerings, incense burning, joss paper (or ghost money) burning, releasing of paper lanterns into the sky or water, and praying for the spirits and ancestors. The Hungry Ghost Festival has roots in the Buddhist and Taoist culture, but many aspects of the rituals originate from Chinese folk religion and traditions. The Buddhist origins of the festival can be traced back to the legend of Mu-lien. â€Å"Mu-lien Saves His Mother from Hell,† is a story of a merchant who gives up his trade to become a devout Buddhist. Once Mu-lien achieved enlightenment, he reflected upon his father and mother. He used his clairvoyance to find his father in heaven, but found that his mother was in hell. She was reborn as a hungry ghost. His mother became greedy with the money he left her; she with held her money and kindness to Buddhist monks, so she was condemned to hell. After battling numerous demons with the help of Buddha, Mu-lien saves his mother. Buddhists named Ghost Day as a day of prayer and offering in which monks can pray and make sacrifices on behalf of hungry ghosts and departed ancestors. These spirits are then absolved and pacified. The story ends with the rescue of his mother from hell; she is saved and is reborn as a pet dog in a wealthy family.

Midsummer Nights Dreams Essays - A Midsummer Nights Dream, Hermia

Midsummer Nights Dreams A Midsummer Night's Dream was written in 16th century England. In 1595, life was as you can imagine very different. During this period Queen Elizabeth I was at the throne. England was a Christian country and people greatly honoured the queen. Shakespeare was Elizabeth I's poet laureate, so his work was highly valued across England. Women were treated as second-class citizens. In lower class families, girls were not usually educated. They were expected to do domestic jobs and look after children. In the upper class homes things were different. Girls were educated but they did not have free opinion. Women did not have any rights; they had no choice in what they did with their lives or whom they married. The father of the girl would choose a suitor for her (usually being the wealthiest man available) and she was expected to marry him. In theatre, men would play the part of women. The Elizabethans strongly believed in the supernatural. Few aspects of sixteenth century life were not affected by the belief of witchcraft. Fairies and sorcerers as being real. Magic was not as we see it today; things that young children believe, but as compelling and real. Their beliefs in god were very much related to those of witches and demons. If you had sinned, people believed you had the devil in you. In a Midsummer Night's Dream, different plots are linked to form a comical play based around magic and love. The play is set in an enchanting forest amongst the cowslips; hidden deep in the wood is the fairy kingdom. I personally think that Shakespeare was very clever in how he devised ?A Midsummer Night's Dream,' as he has three very good elements of entertainment; love, magic and comedy represented with different stories and characters. The Lovers represent the effects and powers of love. Hermia is prepared to give her life up for the man she loves. In a way, Shakespeare has adopted a modern view of things, as Hermia's character is not one of a ?typical' Elizabethan woman. She is a fiery young lady, determined to be with the man she loves. Lysander and Hermia have a good, strong relationship. Helena dotes upon Demetrius, but her ?love' is not real love, like Hermia's, it is more of an infatuated love. This contrast of being in real love and being blinded by love, very much makes you think and if you were in a relationship you would think twice about your feelings after watching the play. The Workmen are all very simple characters, named according to their personality. They have been implanted in the play to add humour and some lighthearted entertainment from the more serious issues within the play. Bottom, in particular, is used to cause fun and drama. The fairies make the play magical and exciting; Puck is a mischievous, cunning young fairy that likes to play tricks on mortals. Some of his speeches contain repetition for example: 396 Puck: ?Up and down, up and down, I will lead them up and down. I am fear'd in field and town; Goblin, lead them up and down...' Repetition has made this speech into a song/chant; this makes the speech ?magical' and ?fun'. The use of repletion and rhyme by Puck at the end of this scene is used to create a poetic country atmosphere. In which the natural world is described well. The fairy scenes are very entertaining. The language is in the way, Titania's ironical words to bottom. 144 Titania: ?Thou art as wise as thou art beautiful.' It is ironic that Titania is saying this, because Bottom is clearly nothing close to beautiful. There is sense of suspense present in Act 3, Scene 1. Titania is asleep on the stage, the person she first sets her eyes upon when she awakens will be the one she falls in love with. On the stage are the workmen. This suspense makes the play exciting. The lovers are very much more involved in the dramatic side of the production, with their arguments, Shakespeare uses alliteration to create a dreamy, romantic, magical atmosphere. For instance: 435 Hermia: ?And sleep, that sometimes shuts up sorrow's eye, Steal me awhile from mine own company' The use of alliteration emphasises what Hermia is talking about, making her words more memorable. The plot is very clever, although it relies on coincidence. The fairies' costumes would have been spectacular and dazzling. The workmen would be dressed in rags and the lovers and court in very smart, rich garments. The

Car Safety Physics Essays

Car Safety Physics Essays Car Safety Physics Essay Car Safety Physics Essay Essay Topic: Whiplash Problem to be solved Keep the occupants safe One of the main objectives of trying to keep the occupants safe is to keep them all inside the vehicle at all times. The vehicle must not have open spaces that an occupant can fall out of in case of an accident. If gaps in the vehicle are unavoidable or inevitable then a safety-belt or inertial-belt would be required to keep the occupants in place inside the vehicle. Try to make the occupants change velocity in the same way as the car does An inertial-belt is used to keep the occupant moving at the same velocity as the car at all times therefore preventing them from moving with their own inertia and sharing it with the car. Cushion the surfaces of the passenger compartment Airbags are used to cushion blows or impacts with the car for occupants in case of accidents. There are also no or barely any sharp edges inside a car that can harm occupants in the event of an accident. Keep the passenger compartment rigid, so that it does not fold in on the occupants Roll-bars and other body reinforcement techniques are used to prevent the car from crushing the occupants and to reduce the damage done to the car. Increase the time for the impulse to take place Most make use of the crumple-zone safety feature of cars to help reduce the time for impulse to take place on the car’s occupants and therefore reducing injury. Try to keep the car from rolling over Tyres are used to prevent body roll just as much as they are used to initially prevent accidents from occurring so in essence they play an important role in the prevention of harm in case of an accident. Head restraints It isn’t common to find a safety feature which keeps your head restrained at all times however in case of accidents, airbags are used to help reduce whiplash and a collapsible steering column are used to prevent the driver or occupants from getting harmed by the steering wheel. Ensure that the braking system is effective (ABS and Disc brakes) There are some clever braking systems that are designed to help increase the effectiveness of braking. ABS for example is a braking system which makes the car’s brakes release at intervals to prevent them from locking up completely which will cause the car to lose traction and therefore take longer to eventually come to a resting position.

50 Cause and Effect Journal Prompts

50 Cause and Effect Journal Prompts When we ask the question Why? about a subject, we usually begin to explore its causes. When we ask So what? we consider the effects. Cause-and-effect writing involves drawing connections between events, actions, or conditions so as to achieve a clearer understanding of the subject. Whether we choose to focus on causes (the reasons for something) or on effects (the consequences of something) depends on our subject and our purpose for writing. In practice, however, the relation of cause to effect is often so close that one cant be considered independently of the other.Youll find that some of the following topic suggestions emphasize causes while others focus on effects, but keep in mind that these two approaches are closely related and not always easy to tell apart. 50 Writing Prompts: Causes and Effects The effect of a parent, teacher, or friend on your lifeWhy you selected your majorThe effects of cramming for an examinationThe effects of peer pressureWhy some students cheatThe effects on children of a broken marriageThe effects of poverty on an individualWhy one college course is more rewarding than anotherWhy many people dont bother to vote in local electionsWhy more and more students are taking online classesThe effects of racial, sexual, or religious discriminationWhy people exerciseWhy people keep petsThe effects of computers on our everyday livesThe downside of smartphonesThe environmental effects of bottled waterWhy reality shows are so popularThe effects of pressures on students to get good gradesThe effects of a coach or teammate on your lifeThe effects of not keeping a personal budgetThe causes of noise (or air or water) pollutionThe effects of noise (or air or water) pollutionWhy so few students read newspapersWhy many Americans prefer foreign-built carsWhy many adults e njoy animated movies Why baseball is no longer the national pastimeThe effects of stress on students in high school or collegeThe effects of moving to a new town or cityWhy sales of DVDs are decliningWhy growing numbers of people shop onlineThe effects of the rapid increase in the cost of going to collegeWhy students drop out of high school or collegeWhy college mathematics (or any other subject) is so difficultWhy some roommates dont get alongWhy adults have more fun than children on HalloweenWhy so many people eat junk foodWhy many children run away from homeThe long-term effects of unemployment on a personThe influence of a book or a movie on your lifeThe effects of music downloading on the music industryWhy texting has become such a popular means of communicationThe effects of working while attending school or collegeWhy workers in  fast food restaurants often have low moraleThe effects of not getting enough sleepWhy increasing numbers of children are overweightWhy TV shows and movies about zombies are so popular Why bicycles are the best form of transportationThe effects of video games on young childrenThe causes of homelessness in your communityThe causes of eating disorders among young people

Reading response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 45

Reading response - Essay Example th new regulations, codes, bills and laws to facilitate eliminating the emigrants menace, none of the measures seem to successfully combat illicit emigration. Johnson (150) recommends tangible and practical approaches to illicit emigration by proposing that developed nations should liaise to come up with amicable approaches that sustain rapid information transfer concerning the chiefly known avenues utilized by illicit emigrants. Laura Carlsen (160) affirms that this approach may not be a quick solution approach though it’s viable and practical. As I read and comprehend throughout this Immigration chapter, it’s evident that developed countries are torn in between tracking and deporting illicit emigrants and retaining them to their host countries owing to sustain their delicate economies through provision of inexpensive labour and payment of levies. It’s shocking to note that influential individuals (comprising of President Nicolas Sarkozy and Samuel Huntington) are instigating a strategy to enforce the emigrants to learn and absorb the natives’ culture prevailing in their host countries (139). It’s also disturbing to note that despite the fact that developing countries such as the United States of America being firmly against the illicit emigrants, some European Union activists maintain that illicit emigrants should be retained and bestowed liberty owing to their resourcefulness in supplying affordable and inexpensive labour to western Europe individuals who coincidentally have elevated rates of the aged individuals and therefore unable to sustain their farming processes void of labour aid from the emigrants (138). He asserts that many nations are aware of the merits and positive impacts emigrants contribute to their native countries, and this stalls the prevailing governments to wipe out illicit emigratio n (150). It’s fascinating to note that illicit emigrants’ remittances wired to their developing nations serve to boost their motherlands’

Media And South Asian Terrorism Portrayal Research Paper

Media And South Asian Terrorism Portrayal - Research Paper Example This essay declares that many citizens are incapable to resist news reporting about terrorist attacks. As horrifying as they are to watch on TV as well as read about in correspondents and magazines, several still find it almost difficult to ignore. It is hard to recognize why the information is so difficult to ignore. Some allege that individuals are expecting for information since they are afraid of potential attacks and need to be ready; others assert that citizens are watching as well as reading in an attempt to absorb and process the incident; yet others claim the media is deliberately making harmful as well as addictive representations nearly like those perceived in an action film. Whatever the cause, it is significant to understand the impacts on the society that this form of experience can have. Research usually discovers a connection between watching media reporting about terrorist hit sand trauma symptoms. This paper makes a conclusion that the reality that numerous Americans carelessly brush off this allegation exclusive of really comprehending it is one rationale this anger continues. To comprehend it one should go broader into the Muslim understanding. Muslims have a tendency to view contemporary proceedings by means of the lens of an ancient historical account. According to this story, heading back to the Middle periods Christian armies from the Western world have tirelessly hunted to break the clench of Islam on its populace. By holding quickly, Muslims consider, they were capable to thrive as a society, occasionally overriding the West in numerous aspects.

Nature is such a beautiful place Essay Example for Free

Nature is such a beautiful place Essay Life is getting hard and expensive as the years are passing by. The prices on food, and other utility prices are going up. People have school, work and a family to look out for and do not have the time to enjoy the simple things in life that earth has to offer which is nature. In the essay of â€Å"An entrance to the Woods† Wendell Berry. He admits to living such a fast paste of life that is hard to come back down to the ground and enjoy what is in front of him. People pass by things so quickly and don’t pay attention that they fail to appreciate them. Once a person slows down, they could see what surrounds them. Nature is a good way to find yourself because it is easy to escape from the influence society has. Nature has away of taking away the things that are stressing us and giving away a chance to become refreshed. â€Å" In the middle of the afternoon I left off being busy at work, and drove sixty or seventy miles an hour, hardly aware of the country I was passing through, because on the freeway one does not have to be. The landscape has been subdued so that one may drive over it as seventy miles per hour without any concession whatsoever to one’s whereabouts. One might as well be flying. Though one is Kentucky one is not experiencing Kentucky. One is experiencing the highway, which might be in nearly any hill country east of the Mississippi.† (Berry, 88) During berry’s time in the woods, he writes â€Å"A man enters and leaves the world naked. And it is only nakedor nearly so that he can enter and leave the wilderness. If he walks, that is; and if he doesn’t walk it can hardly be said that he has entered. He can bring only what he can carry the little that it takes to replace for a few hours or a few days an animal’s fur and teeth and claws and functioning instincts. And comparison to the usual traveler with his dependence on machines and highways and restaurant and motelson the economy and the government, in shortthe man who walks into the wilderness is naked indeed. He leaves behind his work, his household, his duties, his comfortseven, if he comes alone, his words. He  immerses himself in what he is not. It a kind of death.† (Berry, 90) We came to this world naked, and that is how we should enter and leave the wilderness. If we walk using our feet and explore the wilderness that’s how we can say that we entered the wilderness. The little that we bring to survive, it is gone in a few hours or days. An animal uses its fur, teeth and animal instincts to survive versus a traveler that needs machines, highways and restaurants and motels. To be in the wilderness one has to leave behind the work, the household, duties and comforts and even his words. One has get out of its comfort zone, and use your own abilities to survive the wilderness. It is like taking a risk of death. Wendell Berry own experience where he is up and left civilization. The work setting to enter a nature environment devoted to being self efficient on nature. Berry loved and respected nature, he wanted to develop his appreciation further, as he wanted it to evolve and understand for it. He wanted to know how nature worked, and learn it’s reason for being. Berry’s goal was met through this act and it was gratifying experience to escape from moderation and become organic. Berry realizes the purpose of the trip, but the connection to nature cannot replace to connection to man. In the essay of â€Å" Why I went to the woods† by Henry David Thoreau. Thoreau tried to produce his own crops, to live from the labor of his own hands, and to get rid of all the complicating things that distracted him from life’s true meaning by living in the woods. †Thoreau wanted time to read, write, and think. He wanted to make time for nature. And he wanted to test himself, to see just how much he could simplify his life, to determine how much time he could save to do what he really wanted to do with every minute of everyday†( Thoreau, 700) Thoreau mentions that he wants to live a deliberately life. To live deliberately means to take care and think of everything that you do in life, and not to do anything just for the heck of it. Everything that we do has to have a purpose and a meaning, and that is not a waste of time. â€Å"slow down rather than to speed up, to saver a few things fully rather than sample many things fleeting, and have time to decide what, in the long run of his short  life, matters most and why.† (Thoreau, 700) â€Å" I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essentials fact of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not live I did not wish to live what was not life, living is so dear; nor did I wish to proactive resignation, unless it was quite necessary. I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of life, to live so sturdily and Spartan-like as to put to rout all that was not life, to cut a broad swath and shave close, to drive life into a corner and reduce it to its lowest terms, and if it proved to be mean, why then to get the whole and genuine meanness of it and publish its meanness to the world, or if it were sublime, to know it by experience, and be able to give a true account of it in my next excursion.† ( Thoreau, 701) By living in the woods he will be living a simple life away from civilization and to see his strength and weakness. By not being accustomed to that type of lifestyle he might die. When all hope is gone he realizes there are many things he have not tried. The simplest things in life could be and mean much more. Life is precious.

Affirmative Action :: essays research papers

Affirmative Action in the words of Louis Fairykhan (humor) Affirmative Action is Necessary for Minorities to be Competitive in the Workplace The audience that I intend to attract are those that are minorities and agree with the idea of affirmative action. The persona that I chose is that of Louis Farrakhan, the leader of The Nation of Islam. I imagine that this is a speech to thousands of African-Americans that agree with Mr. Farrakhan. I appeal to tha emotions of my intended audience because I feel it is a strong tool in writing a good paper. I am notan authority on affirmative action but I feel that I know enough about it to present a good case on the subject. Good day my beautiful brothers and sisters. I'm sure you all know me by now because of my extensive involvement with the African-American movement. I, Louis Farrakhan, your delicious leader in this march towards equal rights and equality, feel that among our many obstacles in "White America" the most important is Affirmative Action. Affirmative Action is definitely a necessity in our long drive towards freedom. It certainly seems that we as a minority have come a long way since the days of slavery. Unfortunately, we are not yet considered the equal by our Vanilla brothers and sisters. It has been a long and treacherous journey, my savory brothers and sisters, but I feel that we can do more as a community if we can work side by side with the "crackers." It is not the white man's or the Jew's problem that we are not treated equally, it is ours. I was reading a well-known African-American newspaper the other day and I came across something that I felt was interesting. Our strong black brother, Ron Brown of the NAACP stated, "We're not ready to be color-blind because racial discrimination continues to afflict our society. Affirmative action continues to be needed not to redress grievances of the past, but the current discrimination that continues to exist"(Khalenberg). Can I hear an Amen? Was that not pinning the tail right on the hide of the milky-white donkey? We definitely have a strong black brother that knows his stuff and does his thing for our lovely, delicious community. Mr. Brown is obviously an intellectual and brilliant man because he has the last name Brown, which is a good reference to our beautiful chocolate colored skin. Affirmative Action :: essays research papers Affirmative Action in the words of Louis Fairykhan (humor) Affirmative Action is Necessary for Minorities to be Competitive in the Workplace The audience that I intend to attract are those that are minorities and agree with the idea of affirmative action. The persona that I chose is that of Louis Farrakhan, the leader of The Nation of Islam. I imagine that this is a speech to thousands of African-Americans that agree with Mr. Farrakhan. I appeal to tha emotions of my intended audience because I feel it is a strong tool in writing a good paper. I am notan authority on affirmative action but I feel that I know enough about it to present a good case on the subject. Good day my beautiful brothers and sisters. I'm sure you all know me by now because of my extensive involvement with the African-American movement. I, Louis Farrakhan, your delicious leader in this march towards equal rights and equality, feel that among our many obstacles in "White America" the most important is Affirmative Action. Affirmative Action is definitely a necessity in our long drive towards freedom. It certainly seems that we as a minority have come a long way since the days of slavery. Unfortunately, we are not yet considered the equal by our Vanilla brothers and sisters. It has been a long and treacherous journey, my savory brothers and sisters, but I feel that we can do more as a community if we can work side by side with the "crackers." It is not the white man's or the Jew's problem that we are not treated equally, it is ours. I was reading a well-known African-American newspaper the other day and I came across something that I felt was interesting. Our strong black brother, Ron Brown of the NAACP stated, "We're not ready to be color-blind because racial discrimination continues to afflict our society. Affirmative action continues to be needed not to redress grievances of the past, but the current discrimination that continues to exist"(Khalenberg). Can I hear an Amen? Was that not pinning the tail right on the hide of the milky-white donkey? We definitely have a strong black brother that knows his stuff and does his thing for our lovely, delicious community. Mr. Brown is obviously an intellectual and brilliant man because he has the last name Brown, which is a good reference to our beautiful chocolate colored skin.

Physical Development in Middle Adulthood Paper Essay

As the human body ages and reaches a point where it is no longer growing and changing due to hormones, it slowly starts to change in other ways. Age starts to take its toll much earlier on the body than most people think. Physical, mental and emotional changes are being made in the middle parts of an adult’s life. The midpoint of a person’s life is a period from age 35 to 64, and it is referred to as middle adulthood. Webster defines middle as â€Å"equal distance from beginning to the end† and the word adult is a person who is â€Å"fully grown or developed† (Dictionary 2010). Combining these words is like saying that an individual is half way through with his/her life. Many individuals have achieved happiness by this point in their lives. However, there is some who feel like they are closer to death without accomplishing anything. Middle adulthood brings about many changes and stresses to deal with daily. How an individual handles these issues determines if he or she achieves total happiness with their self. Middle adulthood is the time in life where individuals experience extreme amounts of responsibilities that could include the caring of aging parents or children (Dacey et al., 2009). Menopause is a woman’s first sign of aging that usually starts with a few years of turning 50 (Myers, 2008). Menopause is a very strenuous time in a woman’s life, with so many hormonal changes that can upset a woman’s normal balance of life. Physical symptoms of menopause are mood swings, emotional outbursts, hot flashes, and insomnia. There are available medications to help with the effects that occur during menopause. Health problems that evoke during these periods are Hypertension, asthma, arthritis, rheumatism and the metabolism starts to slow down. With hypertension (high blood pressure) affects 40% of adults in the United States being more prevalent among African Americans and poor people (Papalia et al., 2007). This disorder leads to individuals having heart attacks and strokes. Having blood pressures screenings can detect this disorder, and it can be treated effectively with medication. The three leading causes of death for individuals between the ages of 35 and 54 are cancer being number one, 2nd heart disease, and 3rd accidents. Women’s hormonal changes are known as menopause and are a decrease in the production  of estrogen. Male climacteric is a decrease in sex hormones. Both middle age men and women go through hormonal changes and physical developments. Both genders might expectance emotions of anxiety, nervousness, fatigue and decrease in sexual desires. As both genders began get older, their hair begins to get thinner and gray and get start getting wrinkles. While this makes most men appear attractive, it is viewed as unattractiveness or over the hill for women. According to Erik Erickson’s stages of psychosocial development Generativity is the stage of middle adulthood the particular age is debatable, some sources identify the period between age 25 to 45, others identify the period between 45 to 65, generativity is particularly characterized by an individual’s turning from self-centered objectives and becoming more interested and concerned with others, including a desire to nurture, care for, inspire and support others, their object can be within their own family or encompass their community and even encompass society as a whole. Middle adulthood is the time when interest shifts from self to others, it is the time of reflection Sexual development progresses throughout adulthood. Several elements such as pregnancy, chronic illness, stress, and the usual aging process affect adult sexuality. Adult men and women go through many physical and psychological changes as they age that can affect sexual relations and sexuality. In general, health and wellness has a significant effect on sexual development in middle aged men and women. Adult men and women that go through a decrease in sexual activity could profit from many treatments. Such treatments include hormone replacement therapy (HRT), selective enzyme inhibitors (Cialis, Viagra), 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (Proscar, Adodant), and sex therapy. Adult men normally have a decrease in testosterone production after the age of 25 or so. Testosterone levels are lower which can lead to a lack of sexual passion and complications performing erection. Sexual function in men who are middle age and older is very common. Adult women, typically between the ages of 45 and 60, menstrual periods stop, this is called menopause, and the ovaries stop generating the hormone estrogen. Menopause affects sexuality which can cause vaginal dryness and tenderness and reduces sexual cravings. Eating a proper diet, avoiding smoking and getting regular exercise allows many adults to continue sexual  desires and relationships during the course of their life cycle. Sexual partners that uphold open communication along with proper treatment of medical conditions can allow older adults keep affection part of life into older age. The changes in life can be many, and can often be terrifying for an adult to go through, not to mention stressful. Many adults going through this period tend to find outlets and ways to go about dealing with these changes, often referred to as a â€Å"mid-life crisis†, which allow them to put off feeling like their lives are already over, or allow them to come to terms with growing older and allowing them to feel more at peace with it. Conclusively, it is noted in many places that â€Å"Old is beautiful† or â€Å"40 is the new 20†, so perhaps people have found healthy outlets to allow them to be happier with being older. Reference: Sexuality in Adulthood. Retrieved from: blue.utb.edu

Secession of the South: Causes for Tension

Throughout the 1840’s and 1850’s a growing tension developed between the Northern and Southern states of America. That tension was primarily focused on the existence of slavery in the Southern states. Most Northern states had abolished slavery by 1850 and made a promise to the people to end slavery completely. They wanted the South to begin to become similar to the North, and to live under the concept of free labor, and not rely on slavery for productivity. The resentment for the interference of the North angered southerners because they felt that it was not the place of the federal government to interfere.Ever since the American Revolution sectional differences arose, the first being those favoring greater states rights and those favoring greater federal rights. Ever since the Revolution more and more dissimilarities arose between the North and the South due to differences in modernization and societal development. These different ideals caused tensions between the two sections and difficulties in staying together as a single union. The Southern ways of life were being targeted and altered by the North’s inconsiderate decisions of their societies foundation, though the North had a strong basis.The southern secession in 1860 was in direct result of the inability for the North and South to cooperate and coexist, and was the only possible alternative, in the minds of the southerners, for the different methods of living to remain. There were many aspects that varied among the North and South states that lead to the Civil War and among these were economic, social and political differences. Economic and social divergences between the North and the South were one of the most prominent factors leading to Southern secession.The Southern economy was heavily supported on cotton, due to Eli Whitney’s invention of the Cotton Gin, which made cotton extraordinarily profitable for most southern plantation owners. The southerner’s focus shift ed from all other previous crops to cotton, but cotton still required labor to be taken from the fields. Slavery became an institution that, in a sense, was the foundation for southern economy because of the fact that it was an inexpensive and vastly available labor source. Completely opposing southern society was that of the North, which was an industrial based economy instead of an agricultural one.The North utilized the raw materials and turned them into finish goods, making slavery neither an immediate necessity nor a foundation for their economy. The economic attitudes that differentiated the North and the South were exceedingly dissimilar and there was not a great deal flexibility for change. The southern reliance on slavery for labor and the northern perception of the institution as cruel and inhumane, were conflicts that challenged the southerners’ way of life and arose much tension between the two.Social differences between the North and the South coincided with thei r economic differences. The South, being agriculturally based could not relate and could not be related to by the North. The North experienced industrialization and drastically modernized, but the South continued with the traditional plantation system and strict social order it had began with, creating the lack of connection between the two due to two completely polar opposite societies. The North’s attitude towards the South was perceived as the attacking of another societies lifestyle and existence.With the limitations on the expansion of slavery, the growing abolitionist movement in the north and the election of Abraham Lincoln, secession was the only way to escape the North’s condemnation of the South as a whole. States rights versus federal rights, was a problem that arose from the time of the Revolution, a problem that undermined the union of the north and the south. After independence from Great Britain was acquired, the issue of states rights versus federal rig hts was in need of a solution.The Articles of Confederation was the first government succeeding the Revolution, in which states rights were favored, and states were united under a weak confederation. Ultimately failing due to conflicts that developed within the nation, the United States Constitution was established which put power primarily in the hands of the federal government. The new form of government was not popular among many states because they felt that their own individual states rights were being disregarded and lost the ability to act autonomously.The Nullification Crisis, being one of the biggest conflicts, occurred when South Carolina attempted to void and not follow laws implemented by Congress if they were deemed unconstitutional by the state. This problem arose from the Tariff of Abominations, which taxed goods from Great Britain and disrupted the trade of cotton in exchange for manufactured goods. The southern economy was being threatened by the new ideas of the no rth, enraging southerners that the north was abusing the power they had over the country as a whole.The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 was an addition to the compromise of 1850, stating that if a slave escapes and flees into another state, being free or slave, the return of said slaves was mandatory. The North, being for the most part anti-slavery, defied the Fugitive Slave Act and harbored escaped slaves without returning them (Northern Sate Defies Fugitive State Act, 1). The inability for the North to understand the situation of the South and the South to understand the northern way of thinking added more and more tension to the already unstable union of the two.Western territorial expansion was a major problem among pro-slavery and anti-slavery proponents. The immense amount of land attained from the Mexican war and the Louisiana Purchase was beneficial for the completion of the United States but the slavery issue was only worsened. In 1820, to lessen the tension without creating any hasty conflicts, the Missouri Compromise was passed to decide whether new states added to the Union from the Louisiana Purchase would be slave or free states. The agreement stated, frankly, that states that were admitted to the south were slave states and those of the north were free states.In 1850, after the Mexican war the question arose again whether states would be free or slave states and this time solution was different than the Missouri compromise. The Compromise of 1850 was a bill that clarified the controversies that came with the New Mexico territory and did not follow the aforementioned Missouri compromise. James C. Calhoun, in reaction to the Compromise stated, â€Å"that the agitation of the subject of slavery would, if not prevented†¦ end in disunion† (A Dying Statesman Speaks out Against the Compromise of 1850, 1).The southern pride in their societal and economic structure openly accepted from the beginning that if slavery remains the issue, then secessio n remains the solution. In 1854 the Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed, which repealed the Missouri Compromise and stated that to decide whether these new territories would be free or slave, popular sovereignty among the settlers would be the ultimate decision. The passing of the law was to settle all unfairness and let the people decide, but the law was taken advantage of by pro-slavery Missourians.Kansas immediately was filled with Missourians who wanted to ensure that Kansas was in favor of slavery and intended to do so by increasing the pro-slavery concentration there. Northerners, desiring slavery to be banned and abolished, did the same to ensure that the pro-slavery Missourians did not make Kansas a slave state (Free State Convention, 1). The accumulation of angry pro-slavery southerners and anti-slavery northerners in Kansas resulted in open warfare in the city of Lawrence, Kansas (Kansas Begins to Bleed, 3).This physical conflict, â€Å"Bleeding Kansas†, over the section al differences of the North and South defined the division of the United States as a whole. The Election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 resulted in the immediate secession of the many southern states, and the formation of the Confederate states of America. Lincoln’s statement â€Å" I believe this government cannot endure permanently half-slave and half-free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved – I do not expect the house to fall – but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing or all of the other.Either the opponents of slavery will arrest the further spread of it†¦ or its advocates will push it forward, till it shall become alike lawful states, old as well new – North as well as South† (Abraham Lincoln, A House Divided, 1). Stated straightforwardly by the president, Lincoln addressed the issue of slavery and sectional differences by stating that either slavery will be abolished and put into extinction or will be an institution in the North and the South, because â€Å" a house divided against it self cannot stand† (Abraham Lincoln, A House Divided, 1).Abraham Lincoln was perceived by the south as a Republican that would further limit states rights and therefore, acting as the final catalyst, forced South Carolina to secede from the Union. Slavery was not the reason that the American Civil War was fought, but it was an underlying area of focus. Slavery was an institution that was much less appealing to northerners but crucially essential for southerners. The northern intent was to completely abolish slavery but could not completely do so immediately due to the southern dependence on the institution.Southerners knew that if slavery was not permitted to expand with the countries borders then the institution could not progress and would fade away and taking along with it the southern way of life. The tensions arose from the belief that the northerners were dominating the South, and the l ast resort of the southern states, after countless attempts to coexist, was to disaffiliate and form an independent union in which they could live as they leased with no repercussions. The initial and overall conflict for the actual war between the North and the South were the issue of federalism versus anti-federalism and the lacking of a strong connection between the two, making them act as if they were separate entities. The Civil War was fought to keep the southern states from seceding and a consequence of the North’s winning was the abolition of the institution of slavery

Example of ANOVA Calculation

Example of ANOVA Calculation One factor analysis of variance, also known as ANOVA, gives us a way to make multiple comparisons of several population means. Rather than doing this in a pairwise manner, we can look simultaneously at all of the means under consideration. To perform an ANOVA test, we need to compare two kinds of variation, the variation between the sample means, as well as the variation within each of our samples. We combine all of this variation into a single statistic, called the ​F statistic because it uses the F-distribution. We do this by dividing the variation between samples by the variation within each sample. The way to do this is typically handled by software, however, there is some value in seeing one such calculation worked out. It will be easy to get lost in what follows. Here is the list of steps that we will follow in the example below: Calculate the sample means for each of our samples as well as the mean for all of the sample data.Calculate the sum of squares of error. Here within each sample, we square the deviation of each data value from the sample mean. The sum of all of the squared deviations is the sum of squares of error, abbreviated SSE.Calculate the sum of squares of treatment. We square the deviation of each sample mean from the overall mean. The sum of all of these squared deviations is multiplied by one less than the number of samples we have. This number is the sum of squares of treatment, abbreviated SST.Calculate the degrees of freedom. The overall number of degrees of freedom is one less than the total number of data points in our sample, or n - 1. The number of degrees of freedom of treatment is one less than the number of samples used, or m - 1. The number of degrees of freedom of error is the total number of data points, minus the number of samples, or n - m.Calculate the mean square of error. T his is denoted MSE SSE/(n - m). Calculate the mean square of treatment. This is denoted MST SST/m - 1.Calculate the F statistic. This is the ratio of the two mean squares that we calculated. So F MST/MSE. Software does all of this quite easily, but it is good to know what is happening behind the scenes. In what follows we work out an example of ANOVA following the steps as listed above. Data and Sample Means Suppose we have four independent populations that satisfy the conditions for single factor ANOVA. We wish to test the null hypothesis H0: ÃŽ ¼1 ÃŽ ¼2 ÃŽ ¼3 ÃŽ ¼4. For purposes of this example, we will use a sample of size three from each of the populations being studied. The data from our samples is: Sample from population #1: 12, 9, 12. This has a sample mean of 11.Sample from population #2: 7, 10, 13. This has a sample mean of 10.Sample from population #3: 5, 8, 11. This has a sample mean of 8.Sample from population #4: 5, 8, 8. This has a sample mean of 7. The mean of all of the data is 9. Sum of Squares of Error We now calculate the sum of the squared deviations from each sample mean. This is called the sum of squares of error. For the sample from population #1: (12 – 11)2 (9– 11)2 (12 – 11)2 6For the sample from population #2: (7 – 10)2 (10– 10)2 (13 – 10)2 18For the sample from population #3: (5 – 8)2 (8 – 8)2 (11 – 8)2 18For the sample from population #4: (5 – 7)2 (8 – 7)2 (8 – 7)2 6. We then add all of these sum of squared deviations and obtain 6 18 18 6 48. Sum of Squares of Treatment Now we calculate the sum of squares of treatment. Here we look at the squared deviations of each sample mean from the overall mean, and multiply this number by one less than the number of populations: 3[(11 – 9)2 (10 – 9)2 (8 – 9)2 (7 – 9)2] 3[4 1 1 4] 30. Degrees of Freedom Before proceeding to the next step, we need the degrees of freedom. There are 12 data values and four samples. Thus the number of degrees of freedom of treatment is 4 – 1 3. The number of degrees of freedom of error is 12 – 4 8. Mean Squares We now divide our sum of squares by the appropriate number of degrees of freedom in order to obtain the mean squares. The mean square for treatment is 30 / 3 10.The mean square for error is 48 / 8 6. The F-statistic The final step of this is to divide the mean square for treatment by the mean square for error. This is the F-statistic from the data. Thus for our example F 10/6 5/3 1.667. Tables of values or software can be used to determine how likely it is to obtain a value of the F-statistic as extreme as this value by chance alone.

Book Analysis The Male Brain

The Male Brain Similarly to Loan Breezinesss The Female Brain, Lethe Male Brain takes us through the changes throughout the lifetime of a male brain. It breaks down each stage of a males life and takes a look at the happenings of their brains from boyhood, through their teen years, into relationships and children, finally ending with the mature male brain. The Male Brain explains many of the biological reasons, along with the learned reasons behind many of the common traits and behaviors found in males.The focus of this analysis will be on how male brains differ from females, and whether that gives them n advantage or disadvantage in work settings. It will include how the early development of boys brains effects their traits and personalities, how men and women differ when it comes to emotions, and how all of these things contribute to the historical stereotype that men are better leaders than women. As Brazening explained, from a very early age boys are interested in completely different things than girls.Although I dont agree with her idea that boys are programmed to act a certain way, believe that part of their traits belongs to their biological hardwiring and the other are due to their ultra and upbringing. As it says in The Male Brain, at a young age boys are more likely to take risks and break rules. This relates directly with Eagle and Carols Through the Labyrinth when they state women presumably evolved a strong concern with their own personal safety as well as tendencies to be fearful and anxious and to avoid danger and risk. These statements translate very well into the stereotypical man when it comes to his career. While most of the time women are afraid to take risks, as it said in the TED talk Why We Have Too Few Women Leaders, men are willing risk takers which leads to egger paybacks, especially in their careers. Women are also more concerned with how other people f eel and everyone getting along, however beginning when boys are around a year old they begin ignoring their own mothers facial expressions. At this age, the opposite happens in little girls.They read and react to the slightest look of disappointment or anger on their mothers face almost immediately. This could contribute to the fact that when men grow up they are more self-centered and concerned with their own career, while women are worried about how others feel. Referring again to the TED elk View We Have Too Few Women Leaders, they stated that men are more likely to take credit for their own achievements, while women give a lot of credit to those who helped and supported them. This is one of the traits that men have which give them more opportunities to be promoted and join higher ranks in the work force.Another point that Brazening made was that during their younger years, boys are obsessed with and imitate their dads, uncles, or any other male role models that could be considered alpha males. Believe that this obsession with alpha males could lead to the strong drive hat men have to become one, whether it is in the ir home or their workplace. Again, strength and aggression are mentioned a lot. In her book Brazening states, by age two, a boys brain is driving him to establish physical and social dominance. All these traits and behaviors either taught or wired into boys at such a young age, all contribute to their actions and behavior as they grow older and climb the ladders in their careers. The common issue of men accuse women of being too emotional and women accuse men of not being emotional enough is explained very well in the male brain. From personal experience, I have seen relationships not work out just because one person doesnt feel the other is listening, or one doesnt react the way the other was hoping for. After reading this book I realize that all of this due to the fact that men and women process emotions differently.When faced with a problem, a man doesnt respond emotionally, instead his brain looks for a way to solve it. I think Brazening says it best when she states The male brain is a lean, mean, problem-solving machine. Faced with a personal problem, a man will use his analytical brain structures to find a solution. This leads to others getting annoyed by male responses because they feel as if their emotions are not being acknowledged and instead are being given advice and direction that they didnt want to hear. As hurtful as this can be in personal situations, I feel like it could be proven helpful in professional work situations.As it says in Eagle and Carry, women usually respond in a manner that acknowledges others rights and their own rights, giving a more emotional response. Men also react to situations by hiding their emotions. If they are scared or nervous their instincts tell them to mask that ND not show those feelings in their facial expressions. They learn at a young age that acting cool and hiding their fears are the unwritten laws of masculinity. believe that the differences in how men and women react to emotions and how they use their emotions gives men another advantage in the work force.After comparing both The Female Brain and The Male Brain, it has changed my views a little bit about how men are natural leaders. I believe that in our society today men are better suited to handle leadership roles. The use of their aggression and self-preservation is the type of traits that get people far in their careers in our world today. It is more likely that doing whatever it takes is hardwired into a males brain than females. In The Male Brain it says Instinctive male-male competition and hierarchical fighting is driven by both hormones and brain circuits. I interpret this as men having it built into their brains that they need to be the best no matter what. I dont feel like women have the same instincts. Women are more worried about how others feel and their emotions. As it says in Eagle and Carry, Women emerge more often than men as the social facilitators. This means that they trivet to help people get along but dont usually hold much power themselves. I believe that women dont hold as many executive jobs as men because to climb to those roles in todays society require someone who looks out for themselves before others.Another aspect of men fitting the leadership role better is due to the fact that they dont react to emotions as women do. The fact that men try to come up with solutions to problems is ideal for todays work force. The fact that they can pull of an instinctive poker face could also help when it comes to making deals, making tough decisions, ND controlling their emotions. However, I do believe that there are some leadership roles that require more of a womans emotions and consideration.That being said, those leadership roles usually arent what we think of in our society when we think of powerful leaders. All in all, after the comparison of the male and female brain I do believe that males have quite a few biological and cultural traits that give them an advantage over women in the workforce. Its not that I dont believe that women cant be successful, I just believe in order for them to climb the ladder n their careers, especially the corporate one, they need to learn some of the traits that men are born with.Eagle and Carry put it perfectly when they say Changes in the psychology of women and men follow f rom changes in their roles. The early development Of the brains Of boys, the differences in response to emotions between men and women, and the natural leadership qualities that men possess have been giving them an advantage in the work force. However, I feel that as society changes, women will be able to adapt and make more progress and become just as successful in their careers.

Promoting Creativity and Creative Learning in Young Children Assignment

Promoting Creativity and Creative Learning in Young Children - Assignment Example It involves ensuring opportunities for children making connections within specific learning areas, and guarantee that these children relate to these learning areas. Creative learning activities may often be focused on specific goals. Creative thinking is free and open (Runco and Pritzker, 1999). It also uses both convergent and divergent thinking in ensuring creative problem-solving techniques. In thinking creatively, one idea may emerge from convergent thinking, and vice versa for divergent thinking (Runco and Pritzker, 1999). Creativity and creative learning support children overall development because creativity allows the children to be involved in a trial and error learning (Fasko, 2001). It also supports collaboration, curiosity, as well as experimentation, thereby allowing the children to be as free as possible in their learning process. Through creativity, more freedom is allowed for children, allowing them to make discoveries in learning for themselves (Fasko, 2001). There is a huge degree of play involved in learning as children explore a problem, as they think of abstract processes on how to manage such problem and how they can apply such solutions to the concrete issue. Games and creativity are often seen as frivolous activities; however, these activities often involve mental efforts, calling for the children’s participation in managing problems. It prompts them to collaborate and simulate actual scenarios (Thomas, 2013). Play allows abstract ideas to be more relevant in the children†™s mind, ensuring that an abstract idea would have more meaning to them. In order to support creativity in the classroom setting, some academics advise on the importance of leaving the concept of the teacher-authority figure behind. Students, therefore, have to be encouraged to ask their teacher questions. Where interaction sets in, collaboration follows, with possibilities for creativity being introduced.  

Consider the taxation of benefits in kind for employees in the UK, Essay

Consider the taxation of benefits in kind for employees in the UK, should benefits in kind be taxed at all To what extent does - Essay Example This monetary value is included in the total earnings of the employee and then taxed accordingly. There has been a debate whether benefits in kind should be taxed or not. Taxing such benefits is essential because employees cannot be allowed to have numerous benefits but low salaries so that they are taxed less. However, the same can prove to be very unfair when an employee is provided with a one-time benefit in kind and he has to pay too much tax as a result. Another problem arises when an employee is provided with a benefit in kind which is clearly of a great value but is not taxed u/s 62 because it cannot be converted into something having monetary value. Valuation can be very tricky for some articles and it can end up relieving the employee of tax liability for the benefit hence giving him an unfair advantage. There have been numerous cases which had to be settled in court due to the confusion of valuation. The courts have a history of deciding theses cases while remaining within the confines of S 62. This section seems inadequate and unfair on occasions where an accommodation can go untaxed but a mere provision of a suit is taxed because one can be valued and the other cannot. In order to be fair, the valuation system is required to be adequate and broader in scope. Another problem is that the benefit code does not apply to lower paid employees. The lower paid employees are defined in such a way that can include those employees who are not actually lower paid. According to S 217(1), a lower paid employee is one who has an earning rate of less than ?8,500. By the inclusion of benefits obtained under the benefit code, many employees, who have the monetary earnings rate of less than ?8,500, do not fall in the definition of lower paid employees. However, when employees hold benefits of great values, which are such that are not convertible to something having a monetary benefit, the employees fall in the definition of lower paid employees and become exempt from the benefits code. This is a huge problem which can only be solved by broadening the scope of S 62 and the valuation system. Section 64 is also of importance as it deals with the relationship between earnings and benefits code. There may be a case that a single benefit is provided to an employee but it gives rise to both an amount treated as earnings and an amount to be treated as earnings under the benefit code. Section 64(2) provides that in such a case, the amount that is constituted as earnings is to be treated as earnings, and only that portion of the second amount is to be treated as earning under the benefits code which exceeds the first amount. This section actually attempts to avoid the double taxation of a benefit if it falls both under S 62 and S 63. It is not a bad idea to tax such benefits in this way but there can be another way that is simpler to understand. Such benefit could also have been taxed entirely under the benefit code system. This would not have brought any changes to the resulting revenue but it would have been a better tax due to its simplicity. The underlying principle of having the benefit code system is very fair. This system is designed to make employees accountable for their perquisites. However, this system has many loopholes which allow avoidance of tax. Also, employees are also open to the danger of paying more tax than the fair amount. As mentioned above, most of the problems are created by the valuation process. Another problem arises in cases of benefits

Answer questions Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Answer questions - Coursework Example The acquisition cost of seed or cuttings should also keep in mind. Planting of most fruit trees, for example, are expensive. Some species are harder to adjust than others. Farmers should consider in advance how long they should take care of trees. If they need additional skills and knowledge to grow a particular species should be training or demonstration will be organized. Seeds or plants of the species considered easy. If asexual reproduction is necessary, farmers should receive training on how to do it. The seeds of Gliricidia sepium and Sesbania spp. For example, could not be readily available. Farmers need help with how to distribute the trees using root cuttings. They may not even enough time for the harvest of cuttings. Question 2 Role of trees or roots of fig trees is no different than any other plant. Edible fig (Ficus carica) roots, for example, grow best in fertile soil rich in organic matter that is moist but never soggy. Roots have four functions. Anchoring the plant fig s, absorbs water and nutrients for plant growth and flowering and fruiting activities, in the case of tropical fig trees, aerial roots hanging from the branches to improve weight distribution of the structure.Picture of the roots can grow to a diameter of branches to see above the ground. Fig trees do not grow the carrot-like tap roots, but the diffuse array, or weaving roots penetrated the body of at least two or three times as much as the diameter of the crown of the plant. Like when you snap a branch of plant leaf figs, or milky sticky sap oozing from broken roots Fig. Some species tropical fig tree roots "are growing rapidly and are known to lift sidewalks or pavement, which spread across the landscape. Question 3 Carbon sequestration in the agriculture sector refers to the capacity of agriculture lands and forests to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is absorbed by trees, plants and crops through photosynthesis and stored as carbon in biomass in tree tru nks, branches, foliage and roots and soils. Forests and stable grasslands are referred to as carbon sinks because they can store large amounts of carbon in their vegetation and root systems for long periods of time. Soils are the largest terrestrial sink for carbon on the planet. The ability of agriculture lands to store or sequester carbon depends on several factors, including climate, soil type, type of crop or vegetation cover and management practices. The amount of carbon stored in soil organic matter is in?uenced by the addition of carbon from dead plant material and carbon losses from respiration, the decomposition process and both natural and human disturbance of the soil. By employing farming practices that involve minimal disturbance of the soil and encourage carbon sequestration, farmers may be able to slow or even reverse the loss of carbon from their ?elds. In the United States, forest and croplands currently sequester the equivalent of 12 percent of U.S. carbon dioxide emissions from the energy, transportation and industrial sectors. Question 4 Major reasons of the changes in the forested land due to human reasons include: industrialization, suburbanization, land trust movements and settlements and agriculture. Question 5 Pleistocene climate was characterized by repeated glacial cycles where continental glaciers pushed to the parallel 40 in some places. It is estimated that glacial

The Reduction Of The Carbon Emissions

The Reduction Of The Carbon Emissions As we know that most of the least-developed countries (LDC) or called developing countries are in the areas with harsh natural conditions. To some extent, poor natural resources limit those countries developments. It is different from the least-developed countries that the developed countries have favorable geographical and environmental advantages. They have emitted greenhouse gases for over 200years without any limitations. The average global temperature during the 1980s exceeded that of any other decade since reliable temperature recording began a century ago, and 1990 was the warmest year on record (Hansen, 1991). The consensus among climate scientists on the threshold marker for dangerous climate change that consensus identifies 2 °C (3.6 °F) as a reasonable upper-bound (UNDP, 2008). The issues above explain the global warming problem is becoming more serious and threat human survival in the 21st century. And the first measurement to decline the global warming is reducing th e emission of greenhouse gases. Therefore, we have placed a challenge in front of the least-developed countries. How do they balance development and reduction of carbon emission is a big problem. Therefore, I think the reduction of carbon emission is the most serious obstacle to development faced by most least-developed countries in the 21st century. In this paper, I discuss this problem from two sides: one is the internal causes of large carbon emission, and the other is the conflicts with developed countries on reducing of carbon emission. The global warming seems like a collective problem which faced by all the people in the world. However, for different interests both of the developed country and least-developed country are not willing to reduce their carbon emission. Although both of the two camps face the same problem, they still have some conflicts are inner of them. Because, limiting the emission of greenhouse gases will constraint the development of a country in some degrees. At the meanwhile, the reduction emission of greenhouse gases has been becoming a hot potato. In the least-developed countries, if agricultural productivity were drastically reduced by climate change, the cost of living would rise by one or two percent, and at a time when per capita income will likely have doubled. In developing countries, in contrast, as much as a third of GNP and half the population currently depends on agriculture. They may still be vulnerable to climate change for many years to come (Schelling, 1997). However, agriculture contributes only a small percentage-three percent in the United States-of national income. But agriculture is practically the only sector of the economy affected by climate (Schelling, 1997). So the developing countries will concern more about the effects of climate change on agriculture, if the developed countries have large emission of greenhouse gases which makes the climate becoming worse and worse. Another problem for the least-developed countries is the great amount of population. The large population will have more consumption of carbon productions. In other words, larger population will cause more emission of greenhouse gases. For such amount of population, the developing countries will make a big expense on the improvement of climate. So where the money comes from is a problem. Furthermore, a large population will cause poverty which will cause greater waste of resources and larger emission of greenhouse gases. For the developed countries, the problems are more complex. Since the beginning of the industrial revolution the concentration of CO2, the principal greenhouse gas affected by mans actions, has risen by 25 percent (Bongaarts, 1992). The developed countries have very high level of industrialization which means they have very big emission of greenhouse gases. Bongaarts article gives the evidence that in 1985 per capita CO2 emission from the developed world was more than five times higher than in the developing world. It seems the developed countries have fewer problems be faced than the developing countries, because the developed countries have basically eradicated poverty in their countries. However, it is not all the case, because the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) asks the contracting countries to fulfill their obligations. And the obligations of the developed countries are delivering the fund assistances to the developing countries. But few of the de veloped countries will to give fund assistance to the developing countries, because it would affect those countries GDP in a certain extent. Therefore, the least-developed countries will become much harder on reducing the carbon emission without any assistance from the developed countries. Also the least-developed countries are lost in the transfer of carbon emissions from the developed countries. For example, the vast majority of the worlds MP3 players are made in China, where the main power source is coal. Manufacturing a single MP3 player releases about 17 pounds of planet-warming carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Carbon leakage ¼Ã…’this is the idea that countries can reduce their own emissions by sending dirty industries abroad. The same countries may still import the finished goods from the developing world, creating a situation in which global carbon emissions rise, even as individual nations meet their targets (Spencer, 2007). For the least-developed countries, on the surface, their GDP has increased, but actually their environment was damaged permanently. So here both of the least-developed countries and developed countries are turning the core to the agreement which can deal the conflicts of greenhouse gases emission, funds, and distribute the responsibilities. The suggested measurement given by Ban Ki-moon, the Secretary-General of the United Nations says the world urgently needs to step up action to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Industrialized countries need to make deeper emission reductions. There needs to be further engagement of developing countries, as well as incentives for them to limit their emissions while safeguarding economic growth and efforts to eradicate poverty.(UNDP, 2007) Although Bans words give the suggested solutions to the global warming, he doesnt give precise standards for the developed countries. Either, this is the bargaining topic in Copenhagen Climate Talks. China, India and other developing countries are currently exempted from the Kyoto Protocol, because they did not have large-scale emissions of greenhouse gases in the industrialization which caused by the current global climate change. However, some critics argued that China, India, and other large developing countries will soon become the large-scale greenhouse gas emissions countries. Also, if the Kyoto Protocol doesnt limit these countries who are outside the treaty now, it cannot achieve greenhouse gas reductions, and even accelerate the warming because it is possible that developed countries will move their carbon-intensive industries outside to the developing countries. For example the developed country invested in a developing country, and builds their carbon-intensive economy in the developing country which equals the developed country transfers their carbon emissions to the developing country. Although the treaty allows the developed countries can buy the carbon emissions fr om the developing countries, the developed countries prefer to investment because the costs of labor are cheaper and the environment of their countries wont be polluted. But for the developing countries, these kind of investments most likely harms to their development in the long-run. As conclusion, although it is difficult to find a balance between reduction of carbon emission and development for the least-developed countries, but the sustainable development is a long-run plan for every country. In the short run, the investment on the improvement of technology to reduce carbon emission will be paid in the future. And either developed countries or developing countries should strengthen international cooperation because we have a same target, and I hope the farce of Copenhagen wont repeat itself in the future.

romantic love :: essays research papers

I choose to describe the putative relationship between Adam and Caroline in the movie â€Å"Untamed Heart†. It starts off with Caroline in a just ending relationship where she is hung up on the guy that left her. Her friends call her on it and help her refrain from trying to repair it. This guy Adam is a hard working, quiet, shy, very shy especially around Caroline, because he has a serious infatuation about her. Every thing she does he studies. In the beginning of the movie it starts out that he has a deep infatuation with her. He even follows her home without her even knowing, until one day she was almost getting raped, and he saved her because of his infatuation for her. She bandaged him up in her woman caring way and he couldn’t even speak. He just stares at her with a blank look. He has analyzed all of her properties and likes his infatuation of her.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Nozick’s Chapter â€Å"Love Bond† he describes what romantic love is and what it is not. I thought this would be a good movie to relate it to because it’s a romantic love story, about a guy that has a serious infatuation of creating a we with Caroline, who is played by Marissa Tomei. Christian Slater plays the guy Adam. For the remainder of this essay I will refer to them by Adam and Caroline. I reinforce my view that Adam has an infatuation or crush on Caroline because he’s always thinking of her, watching her when she doesn’t know. He’s just daydreaming of the we he would like to create with Caroline. This relates to the way Nozick said, â€Å"Love, romantic love, is wanting to form a we with that particular person, feeling, or perhaps wanting, that particular person to be the right one for you to form a we with, and also wanting the other to feel the same way about you.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The guys that tried to rape her obviously had an infatuation with her, for her characteristics only, her looks. Which turned out to be very unhealthy, but gave Adam his chance to prove his love for Caroline. He rescues her then takes her home to her house. She learns of his infatuation of her after this, which seemed to spook her but she knew it was in a sincere caring way. But I mean following her home, and it took him awhile to get the courage to save her from being raped exposing his infatuation.

Pleasant ville essay Essay

A new idea can throw off a whole community. Don’t believe me? Watch Pleasantville, a movie on how a pair of twins, brother and sister, completely change a city. They are transported from the modern world, to a quaint town in a T.V. show called Pleasantville. As quick as the pair of twins spread their ideas they try even harder to stop them, not wanting to change how the whole community functions. But it proved to be impossible and soon everything was changing, for the better and for the worse. Sociologists can view this movie in three different perspectives: the functionalist, conflict, and interactionist perspective. The Conflict Perspective is shown throughout the movie. This perspective focuses on those forces in society that promote change and competition. In this movie, an example would be the colored vs. the black and white folks. Violence aroused between the colored vs. the black and white’s. Soon the black and white folks began to vandalize the colored people’s shops, homes, and even went as far as to racism laws; they viewed the colored people as different individuals because they were accepting change. The colored vs. the black and white’s is viewed as a conflict perspective because of the change that is accruing from the black and white’s racism toward the colored people; like only gray and white paint, the Lovers Lane and the library being closed up, colored and the black and white’s sit separated at court, and no umbrellas on sale. Another example would be the moms’ inner conflict within her; she accepts the change but is too afraid to show it. She is in love with Mr. Johnson but she has to choose to either stay true to her husband or too follow her heart. This is an example of conflict perspective because the wife is beginning to change because of the conflict within her; like not going to sleep at the same time as her husband, not wanting to be a house wife anymore, not having food ready for her husband when he gets home, and last but not least becoming colored. The functionalist perspective is employed by those who view society as a set of interrelated parts that work together to create a stable social system. Since not everything in society is positive, a dysfunction is the negative consequence an element has for the stability of the social system. This is shown in the movie when the  roles of daughter and mother have changed. Instead of the mom giving her daughter â€Å"the talk† it’s the other way around. This is an example of functional perspective because the mother is no longer doing her job. Another example would be the firemen. They are not exactly doing their job either; instead of stopping fires they rescue cats from trees because fire does not really exist in Pleasantville. They don’t really start doing their job until the twins show up and the first fire occurs and even then bud has to show them how to do their job and stop the fire! The last type is interactionist perspective, which is how individuals interact with each other’s in society. Sociologists would focus on how soon after Mary Sue’s relations with her brother improved, and soon after she would ask him for advice and confide in him. The fact that they were stranded in a 1950’s T.V. show makes them stick together. Another example is how the kids were acting more provocative and became sexually active. This was a huge change from their previous, obedient character. Also after a few days, Mary Sue’s friends were speaking in the same ’90s dialect. This is shown when her friend remarks â€Å"Cool!† Mary Sue changed the way they communicated with her ideas. All these examples fall under interactionist perspective because the characters began to change the way they talk and how they interact with one another. The key theme in this movie is change. It shows that change can be both positive and negative, with the Functionalist, conflict, and interactionist perspectives. As the plot progresses, Pleasantville changes increasingly and colors begin to appear, symbolizing the spread of new ideas. Without change, a society truly cannot function.

Annotated Bibliography Essay

An Annotated Bibliography: Stereotypes in Advertising August, Eugene R. â€Å"Real Men Don’t: Anti-Male Bias in the English Language. † The University of Dayton Review Spring (1986): 336-347. Web. In † Real Men Don’t: Anti-Male Bias in the English Language,† Eugene August states that men have been victims of negative bias equally if not more than women through gender restrictive language, which limits the roles men have, gender exclusive language, which excludes men from any type of consideration, and negative male stereotypes. Throughout the article August gives examples of ways in which males ave been forced to fit a certain role and if deviated from, they would be criticized and ultimately excluded from that party they were formerly attached to as an example of gender restrictive language. I agree with August in his arguments, but I would be a little more generous when finding victims on this subject. Women have been made victims Just as long, if not longer than men have. I feel as if the male community is lashing out against the women, almost I a way on giving then a taste of their own medicine. Yet in reality I shouldn’t be structured as a war of the sexes, but ather an attempt on the part of all sexes, to acknowledge and condemn gender stereotypes. Berger, John. Ways of Seeing. 1972. London, Penguin, 1990. In the book, Ways of Seeing Ch. 7, John Berger tells us that the role of publicity has evolved from oil paintings. Publicity images draw on the visual language of oil paintings, but their purpose is to manufacture glamour. This is due to the fact that the spectator-buyer is always changing, publicity aims to sell us something, and in order to do this it must make the spectator-buyer appear incomplete to his or herself. It must make us think we are in need of something more. The more, is a dream that is created from the spectator-buyer, using the mystique and lure from what publicity has given them of how they can become more derisible, by imposing a false standard of what and what is not desirable. I have a similar opinion to that of Berger. I feel that publicity is not natural, but the product of a culture that defines an individual by what they possess. This idea of identity has been prostituted to a culture that tells an individual that they are no one if they do not buy the life publicized. The interesting point that Berger makes is that publicity never paints the full picture for the consumer. It only provides the tools and a canvas for which to paint. Publicity allows the spectator-buyer, to paint for his or herself of what he or she could be. It is not obscence to suggest that this has become the lifeblood of our publicity promise of transformation. Fowles, Jib. â€Å"Advertisings 15 Basic Appeals. † Mass Advertising as Social Forecast. Santa Barbara: Praeger, 1976. (16-27). Print. In the article, â€Å"advertisings 15 Basic Appeals† written by Jib Fowles, we learn that dvertisements make an attempt to reach out to one or more of our 15 basic emotions as outlined by Fowles. These are the fifteen basic emotional appeals that we as humans need, and if crafted correctly, might result in us engaging in the advertised product. As we learn of these essential needs, we learn that advertisements are not so thoughtless as we may have previously assumed. We learn that it is an art. The emotional appeals made in these advertisements act as the thin end on a wedge, when driven in to our conscious it then allows for the true message o flow in without almost any defense, thus accomplishing its purpose. I completely agree with the claim that Fowles made in his article. Advertisers seek to highlight and ultimately tap into our emotions to use them to persuade us into using the given product. One such emotion that is highlighted is the need for affiliation. Despite the fact that recent statistics have shown that people are doing things on their own more than ever before, the majority of advertisements are linked to this basic and fundamental emotion. This is because, Just as we as a people have an inner desire to chieve things on our own, we also need Just as much if not more than our independence, people to share in our achievements. Fowles does a great Job in highlighting this fact as well as many others in his article based on our 15 basic emotions. Kilbourne, Jean. â€Å"Bath Tissue Is Like Marriage: The Corruption of Relationships. † Cant Buy My Love: How Advertising Changes the Way We Think and Feel. New York: Touchstone, 1999. (76-94). Print. In the article, â€Å"Bath Tissue Is Like Marriage: The Corruption of Relationships†, Jean Kilbourne speaks out about how advertisements sink into our deepest needs for love and nurturing, and transfer them onto any given product. In order to accomplish this, advertisers must be able to capture our attention with something that the consumer yearns for, and then make the underlying message about how their product will achieve this goal. We learn that the roles of an advertiser not to care about the potential buyer, but to make the consumer feel as if they are loved. When an advertisement is able to lull us into a false sense of security, then it has ccomplished its Job. Kilbourne concludes with exposing that advertising has come to the point of promising that a product can deliver that which can only be given given by Kilbourne. In her article she sates that that advertisements exist to exploit or very real and inner human desires. As we look at advertisement in any medium, we find out that until we have associated ourselves with a certain product or brand, we are not enough. Whether it be ads replacing human relationships, men dominating women, or even that one cell phone is superior to another, all tug at the need to be n top, and without these products we are found wanting. But the hang up with the promise of accomplishment from a product is that it only last as long as the ads. Every time we turn on the television or the radio, we are exposed to hundreds of ads that dissect everything that is human about us and assigns a product to it. We shall ever be found wanting in the eyes in the world, the only escape is for us to search for what truly matters and stick to it. Wall, David. â€Å"It Is And It Isn’t: Stereotypes, Advertising And Narrative. † Journal Of Popular Culture 41. (2008): 1033-1050. Academic Search Premier. Web. 29 Sept. 2013. In the article, â€Å"It Is And It Isn’t: Stereotypes, Advertising And Narrative. † by David Wall, is claimed that stereotypes in advertising are still being used because they are still a viable way for advertisers to move a product because of familiarity. A point that Wall makes is that consumers see through the stereotype and the false climas made by advertisers, and the advertisers know this. So what the advertiser does is then play on manipulation of the mixed emotions of desire and anxiety. The product then ecomes, by the consumer’s own doing, the essence of happiness, freedom, and the channel to an altered paradisiacal reality. I agree with the claims made in this article. Interestingly enough Wall makes the accusation â€Å"stereotypes will tell us much more about those doing the representing than those being represented†(1037). This is interesting because in the rest of the article Wall discusses the fact of stereotyping and the reasons behind it, political, historical, cultural, and so on. But he never really comes back to his very strong comment. I would go a step further with this remark nd say that not only do stereotypes in advertisements reflect what the presenters think about different situation, but what the presenter believes the viewer-consumer believes about different situations. For the viewer not to be overly effected by the stereotypes they are exposed to, they need to learn, what Wall calls the language of analysis. Which is to allow those whom are targeted to see beyond smoke and mirrors of it all and understand stereotype as a form of cultural † ‘advertisement for the self that is inseparable from the wider cultural narratives that create it†(1049).